Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 22 of 22 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2607.13304.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2607.13304 v1

Coverage vector

measured 22 of 22 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:06.470950Z

measured 22 of 22 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

22 of 22 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy0
unresolved20
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 53b50347-6149-4417-b6ca-1361df2875f7 · outbound

This paper cites Non-Determinism of "Deterministic" LLM Settings.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers Non-Determinism of "Deterministic" LLM Settings

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:04.599785Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 27a1284a-4414-46e2-afd7-dfa9cab5fec5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:04.748158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1c3a289d-2b54-446f-960c-e020a9abb4bb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:04.850617Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fe9a64bd-689b-48de-b291-3425322df3d8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:04.931892Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a6a89d56-a94e-43a7-a3ff-97b382d54281 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:05.011863Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 776856fa-3ed9-4cda-bc11-70c5d307d48f · outbound

This paper cites J., Gleser, G.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers J., Gleser, G

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:05.079838Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f72e2070-b86d-4361-973c-e6e83bc60b8b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:05.175713Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d2eed73a-932f-4aa5-bfc9-acbda0fdf76f · outbound

This paper cites How many prompts and responses you need for a stable AI position estimate.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers How many prompts and responses you need for a stable AI position estimate

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:05.261722Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation de7dca5d-da18-4c69-8360-345217efbe8d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:05.333095Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9abb1b7a-d5ce-4a72-a749-b588c8728e9c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:05.419263Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bf75eb89-5d89-4956-8e2c-226473f03b92 · outbound

This paper cites An Empirical Study of the Non-determinism of ChatGPT in Code Generation.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers An Empirical Study of the Non-determinism of ChatGPT in Code Generation

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:05.494011Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e3cca1a7-4cad-44f0-8c64-4fb108024254 · outbound

This paper cites Fan-out and citation measurement reports.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers Fan-out and citation measurement reports

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:05.566039Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 69bc89bb-0da7-46e8-b40b-b310bef4ac8e · outbound

This paper cites Citation concentration in AI answers.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers Citation concentration in AI answers

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:05.677602Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 19f30767-580e-4bc7-b6a9-140b3570c184 · outbound

This paper cites R., Casella, G., and McCulloch, C.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers R., Casella, G., and McCulloch, C

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:05.802025Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d77e4005-8be1-40e7-ac7c-b88fce0d5cad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:05.855930Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2003587a-de56-4cd8-956e-000de1a60435 · outbound

This paper cites J., and Webb, N.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers J., and Webb, N

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:05.934718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 64c4048e-f9b7-4142-9dc6-57bb0f2c40dc · outbound

This paper cites arXiv:2506.09501.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers arXiv:2506.09501

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:06.008518Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 18e4afbe-bea2-4c8e-baed-8f38ee84fbd9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-02T05:43:28.966072Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation f8d06cca-b271-4757-8217-58a7327dd404 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:06.213085Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a82fd734-5cab-4d5e-a2d1-54b4e86e7695 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-02T05:43:28.707784Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 28ac90d5-7e11-446a-b552-b16ffb92a71e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:06.391780Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1603f721-65e7-443b-b424-b05fec9a8eea · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Where Does the Noise Come From? A Variance-Components Decomposition of Non-Determinism in LLM Brand Answers Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T05:40:06.470950Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.