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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 46 of 46 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.15798.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.15798 v1

Coverage vector

measured 46 of 46 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:34.244695Z

measured 46 of 46 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

46 of 46 outbound references displayed

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  • unresolved21
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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 7a1b1e06-07cb-414b-9fa7-47714864649c · outbound

This paper cites https://huggingface.co/Dolphin-2.1-Mistral-7B.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning https://huggingface.co/Dolphin-2.1-Mistral-7B

Reference 1

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Observation ad699ec8-9f1c-4bf9-8263-62e721f746a2 · outbound

This paper cites https://huggingface.co/MetaMath-Mistral-7B.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning https://huggingface.co/MetaMath-Mistral-7B

Reference 2

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation b101b89c-2056-49da-af86-9ce95e54f122 · outbound

This paper cites https://huggingface.co/ Speechless-Code-Mistral-7B-v1.0.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning https://huggingface.co/ Speechless-Code-Mistral-7B-v1.0

Reference 3

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Observation 58af553b-51a5-49ed-b2f8-0c91d7d01f1a · outbound

This paper cites Evolutionary optimization of model merging recipes.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Evolutionary optimization of model merging recipes

Reference 4

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation eea5609d-508c-4df0-9e96-cb3c38f166fa · outbound

This paper cites User-friendly introduction to PAC-Bayes bounds.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning User-friendly introduction to PAC-Bayes bounds

Reference 5

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation dfd603ff-4808-4fa6-8ec0-7552304f8bb0 · outbound

This paper cites SemEval-2019 task 5: Multilingual detection of hate speech against immigrants and women in Twitter.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning SemEval-2019 task 5: Multilingual detection of hate speech against immigrants and women in Twitter

Reference 6

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 5ebed87a-486e-4bb5-a90e-48ce3ae8b863 · outbound

This paper cites Remote sensing image scene classification: Benchmark and state of the art.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Remote sensing image scene classification: Benchmark and state of the art

Reference 7

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation e9bcdc5f-0f0e-4481-9b22-ccf6bc1f1285 · outbound

This paper cites Describing textures in the wild.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Describing textures in the wild

Reference 8

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Observation 92156348-2d27-4937-832a-cc9767c593d6 · outbound

This paper cites Model breadcrumbs: Scaling multi-task model merging with sparse masks.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Model breadcrumbs: Scaling multi-task model merging with sparse masks

Reference 9

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 6502cb83-d36a-431b-a7fb-5ed1710579c0 · outbound

This paper cites An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale

Reference 10

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Observation eb4c1c01-1acf-43ab-a7a5-16b4de28b405 · outbound

This paper cites Computing nonvacuous generalization bounds for deep (stochastic) neural networks with many more parameters than training data.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Computing nonvacuous generalization bounds for deep (stochastic) neural networks with many more parameters than training data

Reference 11

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Observation 6070768b-24ad-4c8f-98c0-1002273cea89 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation f813858e-b38a-41ff-8888-5b48f64b5b94 · outbound

This paper cites Arcee's MergeKit: A Toolkit for Merging Large Language Models.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Arcee's MergeKit: A Toolkit for Merging Large Language Models

Reference 13

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Observation b93f8573-21a6-4819-9737-b9f93fe59496 · outbound

This paper cites Eurosat: A novel dataset and deep learning benchmark for land use and land cover classification.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Eurosat: A novel dataset and deep learning benchmark for land use and land cover classification

Reference 14

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 8a3d5f87-0d50-4cc8-a639-1acec00dbb13 · outbound

This paper cites LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models

Reference 15

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Observation 0187f126-abfb-43a7-a20d-0a351751c25e · outbound

This paper cites LoraHub: Efficient Cross-Task Generalization via Dynamic LoRA Composition.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning LoraHub: Efficient Cross-Task Generalization via Dynamic LoRA Composition

Reference 16

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Observation 17aec79c-8d6f-4f7b-aa63-356a67db9f2e · outbound

This paper cites Editing models with task arithmetic.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Editing models with task arithmetic

Reference 17

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 274b4db5-8710-40e5-a14b-6547ab57afd6 · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Mistral 7B

Reference 18

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Observation 620c2983-42d0-4d03-9577-88b7195e9c27 · outbound

This paper cites Fantastic generalization measures and where to find them.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Fantastic generalization measures and where to find them

Reference 19

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 2e7c3a83-f30a-4fbd-848e-4d49a5b6b59e · outbound

This paper cites 3d object representations for fine- grained categorization.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning 3d object representations for fine- grained categorization

Reference 20

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Observation 5349625c-1235-4757-ae1a-4c34743fe410 · outbound

This paper cites Tutorial on practical prediction theory for classification.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Tutorial on practical prediction theory for classification

Reference 21

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Observation 348a4607-e082-44ff-9a72-b64cd9ccd1d1 · outbound

This paper cites Bounds for averaging classifiers.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Bounds for averaging classifiers

Reference 22

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation ce52f18f-5d7c-4dd3-b1ef-fa18ac78addc · outbound

This paper cites Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition

Reference 23

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Observation 26a55920-9326-45a3-9d94-9e0c971d2b9a · outbound

This paper cites Learning new tricks from old dogs: Multi-source transfer learning from pre-trained networks.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Learning new tricks from old dogs: Multi-source transfer learning from pre-trained networks

Reference 24

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Observation 001b5d8a-0b71-407f-9b32-d52c141a150b · outbound

This paper cites Deep Model Fusion: A Survey.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Deep Model Fusion: A Survey

Reference 25

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Observation dd06c783-0a3f-4d24-bbe5-8593821a35c7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 86ddb6f2-f69a-4603-b4ae-9a74844371af · outbound

This paper cites Merging models with fisher-weighted averaging.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Merging models with fisher-weighted averaging

Reference 27

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:31.947754Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 784ada7c-49f8-47c8-9183-54a8e37fee2e · outbound

This paper cites Trustworthy Machine Learning.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Trustworthy Machine Learning

Reference 28

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Observation 7703f498-98aa-43d8-88b1-8dd3a3baf3d8 · outbound

This paper cites Reading digits in natural images with unsupervised feature learning.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Reading digits in natural images with unsupervised feature learning

Reference 29

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:37.373231Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 18a71b86-e904-4170-9ad8-25d4edae4019 · outbound

This paper cites Exploring generalization in deep learning.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Exploring generalization in deep learning

Reference 30

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:18:32.092186Z digest=sha256:c7b8b5e890ef1f2c0544061df0361f641acc151b6577762127c30b7dd593ff36

Observation 4664df5d-1aa4-41ca-ac9f-5e4f2dcf2391 · outbound

This paper cites A survey on transfer learning.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning A survey on transfer learning

Reference 31

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:37.192784Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 5c9b56a2-82f1-414a-9c4a-ea72bf946a24 · outbound

This paper cites Tighter risk certificates for neural networks.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Tighter risk certificates for neural networks

Reference 32

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:37.028780Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 3e8e4c91-1b32-49f7-b419-71b2997ff0e3 · outbound

This paper cites Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision

Reference 33

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:18:32.557897Z digest=sha256:751708436d93295c97bad15ad65c388fadb0ef6def3daf89763c78637a84bc42

Observation 2cbcff26-451a-450a-9aad-f65859847ae4 · outbound

This paper cites Rapin and O.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Rapin and O

Reference 34

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:36.792750Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

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Observation 4de7a78f-0a06-4ced-bf77-6cb8ab9a05f0 · outbound

This paper cites Scalable PAC-Bayesian Meta-Learning via the PAC-Optimal Hyper-Posterior: From Theory to Practice.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Scalable PAC-Bayesian Meta-Learning via the PAC-Optimal Hyper-Posterior: From Theory to Practice

Reference 35

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:32.793198Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:18:32.793198Z digest=sha256:e57d13840126e3b79fa760c6d5e86e2266ad3900493ce51045e7f279b970bac2

Observation 34dca013-7fba-4d73-a81d-a469a7fcb033 · outbound

This paper cites Pac-bayesian generalisation error bounds for gaussian process classification.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Pac-bayesian generalisation error bounds for gaussian process classification

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:36.569637Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:18:32.905232Z digest=sha256:df8d52c768a2a8475114ceff744d4d68b087f6a7e2ef975c1186d3809cb97118

Observation 97f00178-e29f-4d12-bbfa-87839f2f4e17 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding machine learning: From theory to algorithms.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Understanding machine learning: From theory to algorithms

Reference 37

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:33.034672Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:18:33.034672Z digest=sha256:c2a9bc93d4ebe50d0db139801dfab38b1b3a0c3c5a8545d2525373210cc3360a

Observation cddacdfe-66a5-4fdd-8ab4-0565c8dae70b · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating the evaluators: Are validation methods for few-shot learning fit for purpose? Transactions on Machine Learning Research, 2024.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Evaluating the evaluators: Are validation methods for few-shot learning fit for purpose? Transactions on Machine Learning Research, 2024

Reference 38

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:36.305849Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:18:33.210749Z digest=sha256:5eff8e575b31b19460f7927a5a9d538f88ee5853056ffad13c389f314c344534

Observation 2cdd1a5d-5ee9-451b-9a8c-c71e1c54a682 · outbound

This paper cites A com- prehensive survey of few-shot learning: Evolution, applications, challenges, and opportunities.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning A com- prehensive survey of few-shot learning: Evolution, applications, challenges, and opportunities

Reference 39

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:36.049956Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:18:33.330349Z digest=sha256:f245bc7418e7095f55e680ccebcf52debe1df5773eb8b1bd2b73d9a0fd1b0503

Observation ecc7ca1c-ef7a-47a0-a6cc-fcaffd8ca45c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:35.737464Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:18:33.404432Z digest=sha256:83535f20bfe29f22e8310523c9952d26bee98e5a52a0eba6d5abd831e64e89ea

Observation 704be4bd-3a0e-43ee-a646-0fb93d97377a · outbound

This paper cites Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Them.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Them

Reference 41

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:33.617047Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:18:33.617047Z digest=sha256:ae7629c10375c4ef4417e8d7ec06db4f288a6eac07fdbacf61456ea9d051dbbf

Observation 8a7e861c-2934-457c-8303-303d6b6f9a9b · outbound

This paper cites Fusionbench: A compre- hensive benchmark of deep model fusion.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Fusionbench: A compre- hensive benchmark of deep model fusion

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:33.737019Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:18:33.737019Z digest=sha256:104daecb246f5c0f9fce5b83ade79033472d2e5f67f41e9a53f6a33b06c6e55f

Observation c45e0d58-7e07-4050-87f1-ed789491e8bc · outbound

This paper cites Sun database: Large-scale scene recognition from abbey to zoo.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Sun database: Large-scale scene recognition from abbey to zoo

Reference 43

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:35.472345Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:18:33.848467Z digest=sha256:c0240c830595cc38919e818664fe844a3295a47eb4ab5e0b67aa3dfc41450fc3

Observation 7d427dd9-a3a3-4748-8c92-11685da281f6 · outbound

This paper cites Ties-merging: Resolving interference when merging models.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Ties-merging: Resolving interference when merging models

Reference 44

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:35.184771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:18:33.987683Z digest=sha256:d2e93f9bffa291fb9998dd432fd4b64f7464c2f72937f454709c5cc2e6a02966

Observation 213deba6-b928-43d6-bf8d-3337fe62cb77 · outbound

This paper cites Adamerging: Adaptive model merging for multi-task learning.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning Adamerging: Adaptive model merging for multi-task learning

Reference 45

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:34.886804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:18:34.096834Z digest=sha256:09f20c16eb1c4e16922d336cea9765b4632b195b858b7e7109166973ac61b060

Observation 9ca80f36-d132-4f96-a0c4-f22dddbdf190 · outbound

This paper cites + Bound” indicate that we use the PAC-Bayes bound as the optimisation objective. We also provide an additional “Upper Bound.

Model Merging is Secretly Certifiable: Non-Vacuous Generalisation Bounds for Low-Shot Learning + Bound” indicate that we use the PAC-Bayes bound as the optimisation objective. We also provide an additional “Upper Bound

Reference 46

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T15:18:34.701657Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-07T15:18:34.244695Z digest=sha256:2468882222fdaa3500a9e118311006df787c0019032adf6ce9f2cf2bd853f32c

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.