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Bell inequality is violated in charmonium decays

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arxiv 2406.17772 v3 pith:HIA4YDZN submitted 2024-06-25 hep-ph hep-ex

classification hep-phhep-ex
keywords sigmadecayslambdabellentanglementinequalitycharmoniumcorrelations
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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abstract

The experimental data on the helicity amplitudes of charmonium decays allow us to measure entanglement in final state spin correlations and test possible violations of the Bell inequality. We find that the Bell inequality is violated with a significance of 5$\sigma$ or more in the decays $\eta_{c}, \, \chi_{c}^{0}, \, J/\psi \to \Lambda +\bar \Lambda$ $J/\psi \to \Xi^- +\bar \Xi^+,\; \Xi^0 +\bar \Xi^0, \;\Sigma^{-} +\bar \Sigma^{+},\; \Sigma^{0} +\bar \Sigma^{0}$, $\psi(3686) \to \Xi^- +\bar \Xi^+,\; \Sigma^- +\bar \Sigma^+,\; \Sigma^{0} +\bar \Sigma^{0}$, $\chi^{0}_{c}, \, \chi_{c}^{1} \to \phi+ \phi$ . The decays $\psi(3686) \to \Lambda +\bar \Lambda$ and $\Xi^0 +\bar \Xi^0$ show the same violation but with less significance. The decay $\psi(3686) \to \Omega^- + \bar \Omega^+$ displays entanglement. These results firmly establish the presence of entanglement and quantum non-separability at high energies, in a setting with particles of different spins and interacting through electroweak and strong interactions. In addition, the relatively long lifetime of some of the strange baryons produced in the decays provides a natural probe to test whether quantum spin correlations remain after the particles have interacted with the beam pipe and the first few layers of the detector.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

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