Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 38 of 38 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2506.10334.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.10334 v1

Coverage vector

measured 38 of 38 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:32.726818Z

measured 39 of 39 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:32.473926Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:32.817799Z

Reference resolution

38 of 38 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy22
unresolved15
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 66996301-a4e6-4576-bf52-72b31b650a8f · outbound

This paper cites Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions

Reference 1

Resolution: metadata mismatch; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:32.827354Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 9417e357-c199-4b17-8a40-069c65463d29 · outbound

This paper cites The Role of Emotions in Stu- dents’ Learning and Achievement,.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions The Role of Emotions in Stu- dents’ Learning and Achievement,

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.643770Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 8d947e4c-6545-48af-8162-47da0e41e902 · outbound

This paper cites Specifically, we utilized the Online Learning Spontaneous Facial Expression Database (OLS- FED) [3] as our academic emotion dataset.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Specifically, we utilized the Online Learning Spontaneous Facial Expression Database (OLS- FED) [3] as our academic emotion dataset

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.609102Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation d0fbfaf0-bbb2-49f4-97f6-358d3dc5d40d · outbound

This paper cites Specifically, Llama-3.2- 11B-Vision-Instruct achieves 0.4519 in F1 score, 0.5118 in accuracy, 0.6473 in precision, and 0.5118 in recall, respec- tively.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Specifically, Llama-3.2- 11B-Vision-Instruct achieves 0.4519 in F1 score, 0.5118 in accuracy, 0.6473 in precision, and 0.5118 in recall, respec- tively

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.585786Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 710de432-ea2b-4782-bc40-5a3dc70ff6d0 · outbound

This paper cites However, these mod- els face challenges in generalizing well across different con- Table 1: The overall performance of Llama-3.2-11B-Vision-Instruct and Qwen2.5-VL-7B-Instruct.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions However, these mod- els face challenges in generalizing well across different con- Table 1: The overall performance of Llama-3.2-11B-Vision-Instruct and Qwen2.5-VL-7B-Instruct

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.569504Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 77e13431-5696-4b9d-a7cb-886c713132d8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.466833Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 19c24916-5ada-435f-8a08-e09c3456aa24 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.549883Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 16e38a83-9848-4784-acdd-168927bfc122 · outbound

This paper cites Alshareef, I.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Alshareef, I

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.528053Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation c515cd04-cd63-4332-a57b-ee9557e6ec2c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.505924Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation d12d3165-f5f9-4ea1-aecc-d654a1177596 · outbound

This paper cites An Introduction to Vision-Language Modeling.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions An Introduction to Vision-Language Modeling

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:32.530170Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 32675789-433c-46b0-8809-e506d13f777c · outbound

This paper cites Castellano, L.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Castellano, L

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.486638Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 73fa544b-7933-4e5e-ba98-d54cdab3b275 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.342209Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 92f18be2-f706-461f-a76b-90dbfc073d00 · outbound

This paper cites Im- ages of students’ performance during learning can be used to recognize their academic emotions through facial expres- sions, gestures, and postures [5, 18].

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Im- ages of students’ performance during learning can be used to recognize their academic emotions through facial expres- sions, gestures, and postures [5, 18]

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.626906Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation cb02dc34-370c-4d8e-b73b-3dd608c62104 · outbound

This paper cites Chiang and C.-J.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Chiang and C.-J

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.444267Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 036574f9-9a88-4916-9ae6-f799cdd9308e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.423066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation c6123727-9a51-4fdc-aa73-c31fa19f272f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.402452Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 6dcd14e8-9a7b-455d-a474-29edf58ebd43 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.383714Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation e9ca2c26-ec8d-4158-b902-0ac22408c161 · outbound

This paper cites Govaerts and J.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Govaerts and J

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.359881Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation be23e606-d787-4c94-b8b0-956509eceb04 · outbound

This paper cites Huang, Z.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Huang, Z

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.319076Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 1d1aed6d-2503-4b99-a844-29baa10d7d1c · outbound

This paper cites Huber and M.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Huber and M

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.299099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 374c06c2-57c6-4114-b7ab-ae1d888ffb68 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.278346Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 377b555b-b2f6-4ff9-99b7-a31949d314a1 · outbound

This paper cites Kubsch, D.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Kubsch, D

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.258821Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 8c1caea2-a716-4d3c-911b-57b87c923815 · outbound

This paper cites Lei and Y.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Lei and Y

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.238332Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation f479efc1-2025-46e3-80be-00875574230e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.213516Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 62a0f991-efeb-4b32-b1c5-232843a75c5d · outbound

This paper cites Llama-3.2-11b-vision-instruct, September 2024.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Llama-3.2-11b-vision-instruct, September 2024

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.189200Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation c854ed6c-d048-405a-96a8-b47c74fda7dc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.165019Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation ca472e88-d4f6-45a1-b5fb-d934d66f2377 · outbound

This paper cites Pekrun and M.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Pekrun and M

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.140607Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 35364b6e-5007-4ad3-a020-a5ed494e300a · outbound

This paper cites Pekrun, T.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Pekrun, T

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.116763Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 0fc97674-01f0-4dea-b892-e3512f18c67a · outbound

This paper cites Pekrun, T.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Pekrun, T

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.095018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 1a8e9672-8be6-4c85-9b4e-a683e0011659 · outbound

This paper cites Rajan, P.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Rajan, P

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.066632Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation fcc23a19-e556-43ab-a6b8-125781bd25b8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.036322Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation ae826227-74a1-477d-b29b-3e918733adcb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:33.008373Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 91a3f413-33a9-40a7-99e4-bc89b604c811 · outbound

This paper cites Wei and J.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Wei and J

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:32.985312Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 75a0220c-5c0b-4333-972c-efffe28d3a6a · outbound

This paper cites Xiang, Z.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Xiang, Z

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:32.961429Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 83e7ff10-6fef-41b8-8c24-d327328db51d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:32.939033Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 53b40c7f-1689-4814-829d-bbdab5ae25f5 · outbound

This paper cites Zhang, J.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Zhang, J

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:32.909586Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 7347acfc-7cbd-45dc-9f2b-4dbcca8a927d · outbound

This paper cites Zheng, M.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Zheng, M

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:32.875421Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 98c318ca-16d6-4efb-8369-642a80aa17c7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using Vision Language Models to Detect Students' Academic Emotion through Facial Expressions Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:32:32.848984Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 66996301-a4e6-4576-bf52-72b31b650a8f · inbound