Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath)

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 39 of 39 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2608.04703.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2608.04703 v1

Coverage vector

measured 39 of 39 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:55.941104Z

measured 39 of 39 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

39 of 39 outbound references displayed

verified exact6
verified fuzzy18
unresolved15
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 2e90245f-a450-4dcc-be77-56372ce45592 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:42:01.632162Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation d9d1a97e-03a6-45ba-9c47-1a7953716368 · outbound

This paper cites On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:51.128414Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 034cfc56-7b13-4b6c-8cb0-ee843ba54b0f · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:51.251054Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 83ab3332-8b28-4920-9bb3-fbd8a5e3dd7c · outbound

This paper cites & Iqbal, W.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) & Iqbal, W

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:57.307648Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 0e0a1682-7d43-4e21-85cc-02225ecf0d6e · outbound

This paper cites IslamicMMLU: A Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs on Islamic Knowledge.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) IslamicMMLU: A Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs on Islamic Knowledge

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:57.107899Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation bb7d3543-e06d-465f-a3cd-59d7c6448d54 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:42:01.471161Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation aea3a977-7b8e-4848-b374-f9f718531513 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:51.799139Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 95f9c595-0fc0-4871-bb34-9d30b98ada13 · outbound

This paper cites Sacred or Synthetic? Evaluating LLM Reliability and Abstention for Religious Questions.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Sacred or Synthetic? Evaluating LLM Reliability and Abstention for Religious Questions

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:56.860167Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 6e98f901-587c-45da-a348-c0416e9160f3 · outbound

This paper cites Left-Right Symmetry Breaking in CLIP-style Vision-Language Models Trained on Synthetic Spatial-Relation Data.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Left-Right Symmetry Breaking in CLIP-style Vision-Language Models Trained on Synthetic Spatial-Relation Data

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:56.682766Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation e96b84b2-4a17-4c43-9716-8b21944d60a4 · outbound

This paper cites Kitāb al-ʿIbar wa-dīwān al-mubtadaʾ wa-l-khabar fī tārīkh al-ʿArab wa-l-Barbar wa-man ʿāṣarahum min dhawī al -shaʾn al-akbar.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Kitāb al-ʿIbar wa-dīwān al-mubtadaʾ wa-l-khabar fī tārīkh al-ʿArab wa-l-Barbar wa-man ʿāṣarahum min dhawī al -shaʾn al-akbar

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:42:01.279852Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 01e5484a-a406-49c4-961f-1ee5c5210e71 · outbound

This paper cites Irshād al -qāṣid ilā asnā al -maqāṣid.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Irshād al -qāṣid ilā asnā al -maqāṣid

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:42:01.092026Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 7cf42475-14b3-45e1-b907-41b6bfdb85aa · outbound

This paper cites Kashf al -ẓunūn ʿan asāmī al -kutub wa-l-funūn.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Kashf al -ẓunūn ʿan asāmī al -kutub wa-l-funūn

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:42:00.905073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 84fb6e3e-930a-430e-8849-7f98a9ff297c · outbound

This paper cites Taʿlīm al -mutaʿallim ṭarīq al -taʿallum.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Taʿlīm al -mutaʿallim ṭarīq al -taʿallum

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:42:00.714926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 997db9e9-0183-4556-b7f7-df1682e28ace · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:42:00.524398Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 5e814e9a-e4dd-479a-8869-e86577bc406c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:42:00.378726Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation bd520d8c-0272-4722-80fc-19420ae5d0e1 · outbound

This paper cites & Shazeer , N.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) & Shazeer , N

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:42:00.215126Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 94459b14-3e47-4cf5-8c85-262bf3feb1bd · outbound

This paper cites & Hajishirzi , H.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) & Hajishirzi , H

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:42:00.015608Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 6b774aa1-0dde-46a8-8fae-a6b4d6ebde8c · outbound

This paper cites & Hruschka, E.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) & Hruschka, E

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:59.849793Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 0f55c734-459d-48ab-a2e8-6025099c718e · outbound

This paper cites & Suhr, A.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) & Suhr, A

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:59.662555Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation d02f5259-0939-4c07-8597-f0b87759e243 · outbound

This paper cites & Huang, M.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) & Huang, M

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:59.483839Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 718d3b10-9f39-4e87-9226-6f184b6d327f · outbound

This paper cites Gemini 2.5 Pro.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Gemini 2.5 Pro

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:59.236939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 77a5a09b-6457-4ecb-b330-1ca25fbfc371 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini 2.5 Pro model card.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Gemini 2.5 Pro model card

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:59.073638Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 084c1e69-7e9a-40ed-b9ec-90e8ac0f832a · outbound

This paper cites Google AI Studio.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Google AI Studio

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:58.884940Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 3845b26c-9c16-4663-a42f-7486f84870d2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:56.114244Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation d4a5ba38-bc4c-47b3-aaeb-e5323ed21b91 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-5.1: A smarter, more conversational ChatGPT.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) GPT-5.1: A smarter, more conversational ChatGPT

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:58.730593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 79238536-65fd-4d93-823c-3cbddf9cbd49 · outbound

This paper cites A new era of intelligence with Gemini 3.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) A new era of intelligence with Gemini 3

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:58.579960Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 41931af2-9838-43ec-8a8b-bb1127b00ab2 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:54.417803Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 52dfada7-9c67-4509-b9f0-e2f00a93c662 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:54.513652Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation de3cde8f-a2c6-4c4e-a110-c7e22d816289 · outbound

This paper cites ALLaM: Large Language Models for Arabic and English.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) ALLaM: Large Language Models for Arabic and English

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:54.627567Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 32fa215f-02e9-4872-a898-1c4d38a367c6 · outbound

This paper cites ALLaM -2-7b-instruct.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) ALLaM -2-7b-instruct

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:58.412702Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 871c8c4d-8cfd-4226-b466-af51972a2911 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:58.280691Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 9ae9f699-78e8-4c4b-97b6-e42d10e12804 · outbound

This paper cites Fanar 2.0: Arabic Generative AI Stack.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Fanar 2.0: Arabic Generative AI Stack

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:55.132325Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2cbbde02-7e03-411b-9e86-b7eb327934a6 · outbound

This paper cites Fanar-Sadiq: A Multi-Agent Architecture for Grounded Islamic QA.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Fanar-Sadiq: A Multi-Agent Architecture for Grounded Islamic QA

Reference 33

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:56.321126Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation ba221500-7606-4080-88d0-0aba99951822 · outbound

This paper cites Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arena.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arena

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:55.453954Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c4387c5b-baa7-436c-8b55-98b2c4e951c4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:58.143094Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation c2676185-eb1c-440e-a4a9-1d2494694213 · outbound

This paper cites & Ermon, S.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) & Ermon, S

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:57.999566Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 00e91223-28cd-42a6-809d-de90759643da · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:57.807653Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 4cb47963-3a91-4afa-b971-c4ea803eeda5 · outbound

This paper cites legal precondition.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) legal precondition

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:57.652783Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 603e5f30-b6d2-4336-a6f2-d3af90387315 · outbound

This paper cites :الرسول وكقول رضاعا، الابن كابن الأصلاب من ليسوا الذين الأبناء حلائل المخالفة مفهوم ،]٣٢ :النساء} [أصلابكم من الذين أبنائكم وحلائل {.

IslamicTurathBench: A Multi-Task, Multi-Discipline Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models on the Islamic Scholarly Tradition (turath) :الرسول وكقول رضاعا، الابن كابن الأصلاب من ليسوا الذين الأبناء حلائل المخالفة مفهوم ،]٣٢ :النساء} [أصلابكم من الذين أبنائكم وحلائل {

Reference 39

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T18:41:57.519134Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.