Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 45 of 45 outbound references and 3 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.17376.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.17376 v1

Coverage vector

measured 45 of 45 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:44.915577Z

measured 48 of 48 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 3 of 3 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T15:20:32.596779Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-01T21:06:14.596192Z

Reference resolution

45 of 45 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy12
unresolved32
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 992cbecd-df49-4e92-9ebd-d819ab8e9007 · outbound

This paper cites , " * write output.state after.block = add.period write newline.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts , " * write output.state after.block = add.period write newline

Reference 1

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5fe3326f-b776-4cee-9ebd-f4059ab6279f · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:44.698414Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 94082eeb-38e3-4d1e-bbc6-0c147a2d0d2e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.689454Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation d6b78dc8-ff1f-40c0-abcf-8628f65511dd · outbound

This paper cites Carbontracker: Tracking and Predicting the Carbon Footprint of Training Deep Learning Models.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Carbontracker: Tracking and Predicting the Carbon Footprint of Training Deep Learning Models

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:44.712498Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 10c72c8d-d72c-4360-b84e-8207ddd0cd5c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.672779Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 5c06bd49-f3d2-4f52-b95b-bf08d95056ad · outbound

This paper cites M.; Gebru, T.; McMillan-Major, A.; and Shmitchell, S.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts M.; Gebru, T.; McMillan-Major, A.; and Shmitchell, S

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.656958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation bd575dbf-de94-4905-a913-b9f940ccd815 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.641403Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation ea3bb097-2006-44af-8f51-7e13db6fc8cd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.626225Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation b7b88387-9188-47a0-8efb-d2066430dce7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.610946Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation ac9ee5fa-4dc5-4ecb-93ad-ea4acadd819b · outbound

This paper cites P.-V.; Jacquemotte, Q.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts P.-V.; Jacquemotte, Q

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.593878Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation c09cee2e-d4f2-4b39-be9a-3d7ec4cb94e2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.578595Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 36e3a684-eef4-467a-99b7-9c231e3ee21c · outbound

This paper cites C.; and Mattern, F.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts C.; and Mattern, F

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.563547Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 2e126d6b-e529-4b0a-abf9-ac86df8b17f7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.548290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation e90a961b-d8db-49d2-a958-aed340631031 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.531439Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 81c8a58f-93bc-4149-b97b-40bd1287e0a6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.514421Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 54c267e5-7150-42a6-b32b-8379a6f203fb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.498914Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation b8cd1acf-acb0-44da-942e-ec2fb90e7c7f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.482706Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation b21df556-bfd7-44de-b907-72ff5f0a5941 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.465522Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation eed6d2bb-79cd-4610-b6e6-cb20d92f93fe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.443747Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 02aa0784-9095-46a9-b04e-df10eebbba50 · outbound

This paper cites G.; Lee, S.; Tse, J.; Lee, H.-H.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts G.; Lee, S.; Tse, J.; Lee, H.-H

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.427944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 358528f4-0b12-43ac-a3c7-07c6f47a3b78 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.412496Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation c18c5f17-07e5-4a67-84f8-d057aed88d0b · outbound

This paper cites H.; Brown, L.; Cheng, J.; Khan, M.; Gupta, A.; Workman, D.; Hanna, A.; Flowers, J.; and Gebru, T.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts H.; Brown, L.; Cheng, J.; Khan, M.; Gupta, A.; Workman, D.; Hanna, A.; Flowers, J.; and Gebru, T

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.397770Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 025de54b-7570-424d-aaba-1bae8fffbcd5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.380104Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation d7f31559-c3bb-4747-9b95-9dfabdd970f8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.361432Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 6be5cb17-43a4-4c08-be85-ed06612210c3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.346259Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 294a6d57-1c1c-4995-92bd-c303ec6e8e1f · outbound

This paper cites S.; Viguier, S.; and Ligozat, A.-L.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts S.; Viguier, S.; and Ligozat, A.-L

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.331176Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 59767bce-970f-4752-b34b-e1cebb509af4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.314257Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 1f528fc9-46e0-4bcd-88c2-adf399ed1c83 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.298164Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 97d660b3-52a4-4b6b-a41c-b6e4c11dcab7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.281497Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 93b05d47-4db7-4d5a-9ca7-ec6881555e80 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.265368Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation a34cc067-5468-4e44-bce8-2eee8fe8f449 · outbound

This paper cites A.; Engelmann, C.; Shankar, M.; and Rogers, J.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts A.; Engelmann, C.; Shankar, M.; and Rogers, J

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.244734Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation b281dbef-ae68-4c16-af3b-7aa0099c71c2 · outbound

This paper cites R.; Texier, M.; and Dean, J.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts R.; Texier, M.; and Dean, J

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.228146Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation c7d2922d-7754-4d3f-be30-7115f6be0671 · outbound

This paper cites P.; Pip, A.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts P.; Pip, A

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.211676Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation b787ec00-c0f9-4b2d-bbb1-f27a5d47e65e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.189268Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 7a1fea78-8813-46d2-99a3-406991d7ed10 · outbound

This paper cites A.; and Etzioni, O.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts A.; and Etzioni, O

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.167504Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation fc0ef664-dfe8-4dda-9335-6ea1353a3141 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.144593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 10667dc6-b6f7-455a-85e3-0c42f5323e1c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.122755Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation eedaee1d-6bc6-4364-9e35-7ace10751146 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.105145Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation d194a181-c17f-410b-9f9f-f6a6a295eb40 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.087128Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation fed53e3d-4db7-4233-b22c-6dfa079575d0 · outbound

This paper cites B.; and Heijungs, R.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts B.; and Heijungs, R

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.069870Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation d2fd00b8-8877-4196-b05a-cc39465d2c93 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.054114Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation b4fa9a2b-f96e-46e5-aabb-2598fd424ad6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.037607Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation a5b2b2de-1e95-4569-bbf7-784b94bc016e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.020463Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 60a94380-2794-4057-9003-811c0645f505 · outbound

This paper cites A.; Huang, J.; Bai, C.; Gschwind, M.; Gupta, A.; Ott, M.; Melnikov, A.; Candido, S.; Brooks, D.; Chauhan, G.; Lee, B.; Lee, H.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts A.; Huang, J.; Bai, C.; Gschwind, M.; Gupta, A.; Ott, M.; Melnikov, A.; Candido, S.; Brooks, D.; Chauhan, G.; Lee, B.; Lee, H

Reference 44

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T05:35:45.000364Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 4bd27d0e-5da1-41ad-90a0-51583c17f3fd · outbound

This paper cites Beyond Efficiency: Scaling AI Sustainably.

How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts Beyond Efficiency: Scaling AI Sustainably

Reference 45

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation a8472da6-7b96-41bd-9165-ee0ea25d4e04 · inbound

Exploring the sustainable scaling of AI dilemma: A projective study of corporations' AI environmental impacts cites this paper.

Exploring the sustainable scaling of AI dilemma: A projective study of corporations' AI environmental impacts How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts

Reference 68

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation e4209998-c38d-456b-a350-925a9ad30b00 · inbound

A comprehensive evaluation of spatial co-execution on GPUs using MPS and MIG technologies cites this paper.

A comprehensive evaluation of spatial co-execution on GPUs using MPS and MIG technologies How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T20:16:08.237184Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 0f444a77-41cf-449f-957d-0ebd65affa8b · inbound

Evaluation of ML Resource Utilization Requires Model Life Cycle Assessment cites this paper.

Evaluation of ML Resource Utilization Requires Model Life Cycle Assessment How Green Can AI Be? A Study of Trends in Machine Learning Environmental Impacts

Reference 80

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T21:06:14.597652Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.