Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 48 of 48 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.21670.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.21670 v1

Coverage vector

measured 48 of 48 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:42.197839Z

measured 48 of 48 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

48 of 48 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy0
unresolved47
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation e6ed680b-e67a-4fd8-b4cd-947689887516 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:37.386566Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 17b8b949-f33b-444a-a8df-4c307bcd769a · outbound

This paper cites SliceGPT: Compress Large Language Models by Deleting Rows and Columns.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study SliceGPT: Compress Large Language Models by Deleting Rows and Columns

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:37.429572Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 85d87d80-afe1-41ab-8a74-c95073baec25 · outbound

This paper cites QuaRot: Outlier-Free 4-Bit Inference in Rotated LLMs.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study QuaRot: Outlier-Free 4-Bit Inference in Rotated LLMs

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:37.510058Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0dbb7886-2355-4d97-b4bb-86d2f44b2a1a · outbound

This paper cites Massive Activations in Graph Neural Networks: Decoding Attention for Domain-Dependent Interpretability.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Massive Activations in Graph Neural Networks: Decoding Attention for Domain-Dependent Interpretability

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:42.735465Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 0081ecd2-ce4c-4844-b8fd-ca56779c8cfb · outbound

This paper cites Quantizable Transformers: Removing Outliers by Helping Attention Heads Do Nothing.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Quantizable Transformers: Removing Outliers by Helping Attention Heads Do Nothing

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:37.736038Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3fc8a278-1724-4728-a751-5f1e981f4c2a · outbound

This paper cites Language Models are Few-Shot Learners.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Language Models are Few-Shot Learners

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:37.833071Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f19d1f75-ea28-4230-a15b-133faf70cd6d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:45.014264Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 7ea76c44-dc7b-453e-9180-b9900e150b74 · outbound

This paper cites PrefixQuant: Eliminating Outliers by Prefixed Tokens for Large Language Models Quantization.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study PrefixQuant: Eliminating Outliers by Prefixed Tokens for Large Language Models Quantization

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:38.037110Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation be4f1da1-6583-4feb-adfb-1423b22c13c2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:44.883104Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation cb351dd3-a46e-4299-938d-b05eb51aabe5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:38.290882Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4a015767-3b44-42cc-9c5e-96a24ebf9e3f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:44.722213Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 7f340ca3-cbda-4ae1-bfe1-d3b6714765d7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:38.471287Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 733264aa-dfbc-4f30-a0dc-794647ed8c37 · outbound

This paper cites GPTQ: Accurate Post-Training Quantization for Generative Pre-trained Transformers.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study GPTQ: Accurate Post-Training Quantization for Generative Pre-trained Transformers

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:38.592880Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6bb46df9-a8c1-4b7a-a733-5be3f2947c1f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:44.505758Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 657d263d-4fc6-4823-9f41-a94867da0ec6 · outbound

This paper cites Gaussian Error Linear Units (GELUs).

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Gaussian Error Linear Units (GELUs)

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:38.822949Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation edbd2b05-8620-447c-9fff-5a5c890b8dda · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:44.345786Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 1bf91cc1-9cee-4d49-aa66-bd4b4ff76f52 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:44.164593Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation c5ba07d3-8648-4a90-a99e-d3b50b06ae13 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:43.980860Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 791978d9-f2a4-4084-8f0a-e4bacc79b3eb · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Quantized Large Language Models.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Evaluating Quantized Large Language Models

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:39.231092Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 721391e0-4c93-4db4-93f6-c8ccbb095ed7 · outbound

This paper cites BRECQ: Pushing the Limit of Post-Training Quantization by Block Reconstruction.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study BRECQ: Pushing the Limit of Post-Training Quantization by Block Reconstruction

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:39.304149Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d2354f38-eefd-412e-990b-35f4ef165c99 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:43.765572Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 5f0c7948-1620-4434-998d-65957b1f6bc8 · outbound

This paper cites QServe: W4A8KV4 Quantization and System Co-design for Efficient LLM Serving.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study QServe: W4A8KV4 Quantization and System Co-design for Efficient LLM Serving

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:39.500025Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bc00a249-3b5c-4b2a-9e3f-5f4f19a0a6a9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:43.483521Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation c5fad801-c2e1-4448-846f-bbbc31331af3 · outbound

This paper cites SpinQuant: LLM quantization with learned rotations.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study SpinQuant: LLM quantization with learned rotations

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:39.624756Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d73f50b4-067f-4960-a769-48379c852457 · outbound

This paper cites Pointer Sentinel Mixture Models.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Pointer Sentinel Mixture Models

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:39.699449Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 30482704-8f73-4c3b-bef2-9bab6166e3fe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:39.776969Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4537b1f7-9d32-4cb9-ba76-04f4bfd0dead · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:43.259232Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 5ee79d5b-d4ad-4daf-88a5-469b1e4ce3cd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:39.966935Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 753928f7-3051-4627-8dca-627c32237d6e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:40.033619Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 93816b99-e4bb-4df5-ae25-25ab0721a35c · outbound

This paper cites OmniQuant: Omnidirectionally Calibrated Quantization for Large Language Models.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study OmniQuant: Omnidirectionally Calibrated Quantization for Large Language Models

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:40.146040Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 51c67f3b-c46e-4aa9-80f0-31229390a4ca · outbound

This paper cites Massive Activations in Large Language Models.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Massive Activations in Large Language Models

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:40.241455Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ab631e27-4636-4296-aa47-f72901efcf97 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:40.350230Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 40f8c7b3-6f28-4961-92f7-cff657164557 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:40.441902Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 133e7ba1-ecf8-4350-9838-b9ea9e132f30 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:40.588045Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8f1435f5-aada-4861-9453-291e952d78cf · outbound

This paper cites QuIP#: Even Better LLM Quantization with Hadamard Incoherence and Lattice Codebooks.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study QuIP#: Even Better LLM Quantization with Hadamard Incoherence and Lattice Codebooks

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:40.665688Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 05f19d40-6e52-4015-b2d1-74d64bda934e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:43.011422Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 0af6810a-da2d-419c-840e-3bac0083962f · outbound

This paper cites Outlier Suppression+: Accurate quantization of large language models by equivalent and optimal shifting and scaling.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Outlier Suppression+: Accurate quantization of large language models by equivalent and optimal shifting and scaling

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:40.860196Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b615385d-56e1-4596-b6f8-4776bad7f24b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:41.004301Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3b479df9-e616-401c-ae20-6bc47c437e6b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:41.125255Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6cb40ea7-ff7c-4ca5-aa3a-25c69d8e4f62 · outbound

This paper cites Contrastive Preference Optimization: Pushing the Boundaries of LLM Performance in Machine Translation.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Contrastive Preference Optimization: Pushing the Boundaries of LLM Performance in Machine Translation

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:41.250316Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4c8326f7-a920-418f-9313-60e63c196149 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2 Technical Report.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Qwen2 Technical Report

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:41.364967Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9f9a79d6-b3ef-4194-b8bd-5fe6db3232bd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:41.501093Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3e155d3f-7401-4f72-a7e2-06c1ef6f43bd · outbound

This paper cites GLM-130B: An Open Bilingual Pre-trained Model.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study GLM-130B: An Open Bilingual Pre-trained Model

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:41.624035Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9c1a0824-00ec-4abe-833e-fb320631cf29 · outbound

This paper cites PyramidKV: Dynamic KV Cache Compression based on Pyramidal Information Funneling.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study PyramidKV: Dynamic KV Cache Compression based on Pyramidal Information Funneling

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:41.724183Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 290d779b-6d71-411c-bd9d-2c5226e91831 · outbound

This paper cites QQQ: Quality Quattuor-Bit Quantization for Large Language Models.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study QQQ: Quality Quattuor-Bit Quantization for Large Language Models

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:41.859346Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 52f12420-49ba-487d-8944-b2ccf3f3fdca · outbound

This paper cites Multilingual Machine Translation with Large Language Models: Empirical Results and Analysis.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study Multilingual Machine Translation with Large Language Models: Empirical Results and Analysis

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:42.000354Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a1d8adb0-a0a9-40ec-be3d-bedb3b55e3b3 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:42.088259Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fbfe6986-82e6-43af-b607-2e4efc490ef2 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Rethinking the Outlier Distribution in Large Language Models: An In-depth Study write newline

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:30:42.197839Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.