Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 40 of 40 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.01675.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.01675 v1

Coverage vector

measured 40 of 40 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:32.127192Z

measured 40 of 40 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

40 of 40 outbound references displayed

verified exact4
verified fuzzy0
unresolved36
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation cba6bdcd-5b27-418f-a30e-cfe0a219e200 · outbound

This paper cites PaLM 2 Technical Report.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon PaLM 2 Technical Report

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:12.132503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f32c9936-942c-4074-96fc-b5ef6008753c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:26.122836Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 44960b77-4ee7-4638-b618-0296f5d4dace · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:34.078561Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation f0e2cfe6-9d54-4c2a-b30d-876e3ac016d0 · outbound

This paper cites M3-Embedding: Multi-Linguality, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillation.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon M3-Embedding: Multi-Linguality, Multi-Functionality, Multi-Granularity Text Embeddings Through Self-Knowledge Distillation

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:30.942576Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 69672903-2b9b-48d7-a12a-8e1eb57c3157 · outbound

This paper cites Aya Expanse: Combining Research Breakthroughs for a New Multilingual Frontier.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Aya Expanse: Combining Research Breakthroughs for a New Multilingual Frontier

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:30.969657Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a8dc75fc-19ec-4059-98af-0037b0d4c02e · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.001248Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 885b41ed-b92a-481a-9dfb-13868339f408 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.033402Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8400067b-3212-4baf-aefd-c36780fb0e34 · outbound

This paper cites BertaQA: How Much Do Language Models Know About Local Culture?.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon BertaQA: How Much Do Language Models Know About Local Culture?

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:33.330942Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 3aebc45a-2bd8-4777-bbeb-34537b99a9d2 · outbound

This paper cites Massively Multi-Cultural Knowledge Acquisition & LM Benchmarking.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Massively Multi-Cultural Knowledge Acquisition & LM Benchmarking

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.144009Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f8722e15-6143-491e-bf94-4f00b33c9432 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.201482Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4e865af8-1ee6-4dab-8aba-c35fd3616d13 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models Are Cross-Lingual Knowledge-Free Reasoners.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Large Language Models Are Cross-Lingual Knowledge-Free Reasoners

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.273648Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7b76bf54-8fcd-400b-9f99-cc7c0a32e13e · outbound

This paper cites A Survey on Large Language Models with Multilingualism: Recent Advances and New Frontiers.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon A Survey on Large Language Models with Multilingualism: Recent Advances and New Frontiers

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.380373Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5c508df1-dc93-463c-959f-88c551a0f906 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.437077Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 805dec5b-633a-463d-a520-479cedf43f15 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.494856Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 95a83b3c-e509-4f3a-b4c6-c42ef65b224a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.519510Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a3ce2722-48a7-4ebb-a957-5b22afc76450 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:33.964460Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation e8abc58b-acf9-4803-8940-69b678c6b0a6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:33.899984Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 6388be89-987c-4741-a98c-ec6a74194bb5 · outbound

This paper cites A Recipe of Parallel Corpora Exploitation for Multilingual Large Language Models.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon A Recipe of Parallel Corpora Exploitation for Multilingual Large Language Models

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:33.061290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation cd595cde-da19-4e22-b2ad-242c9a2b8141 · outbound

This paper cites Culturally Aware and Adapted NLP: A Taxonomy and a Survey of the State of the Art.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Culturally Aware and Adapted NLP: A Taxonomy and a Survey of the State of the Art

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.643495Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ad278846-487f-4756-9469-d358fe4b829f · outbound

This paper cites A Study of Cross-Lingual Ability and Language-specific Information in Multilingual BERT.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon A Study of Cross-Lingual Ability and Language-specific Information in Multilingual BERT

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:32.915498Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 729a30fa-b73a-4460-84f4-4dadc47148ad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:33.798973Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation df85a539-2b6a-490c-9418-360924624dd4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.723258Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 22fb4aa2-0ffc-4a92-8feb-8a0b0dc7dc48 · outbound

This paper cites Survey of Cultural Awareness in Language Models: Text and Beyond.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Survey of Cultural Awareness in Language Models: Text and Beyond

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.752661Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d9911e17-f2c8-4d54-bebb-e7dbeb3db131 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.786908Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 11b935af-87bc-40dc-a329-ec4b25c88070 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.826046Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6ff5dc89-cde8-4813-894f-5958c5e56821 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.839143Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6de6c532-b2dd-4164-a0b7-1920bd002c0f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.850024Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 739aba96-4ce0-4e78-8b81-01d484606a29 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.863586Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dca17861-e4e8-4f2a-b7e7-5daebdc3d340 · outbound

This paper cites CultureBank: An Online Community-Driven Knowledge Base Towards Culturally Aware Language Technologies.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon CultureBank: An Online Community-Driven Knowledge Base Towards Culturally Aware Language Technologies

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.874547Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ef26359e-342e-4e3f-aadb-da701bc63409 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:33.645284Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 3edf32aa-72a3-4b8a-aed7-703aa70a1fea · outbound

This paper cites PolyLM: An Open Source Polyglot Large Language Model.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon PolyLM: An Open Source Polyglot Large Language Model

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.898609Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation caff9669-48c7-4762-ac96-c512d738afa9 · outbound

This paper cites C-Pack: Packed Resources For General Chinese Embeddings.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon C-Pack: Packed Resources For General Chinese Embeddings

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.913956Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 628901cd-ac7b-4dc2-8fef-845a945add19 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.935045Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 61ddb052-f3f5-42c5-abed-7cbed3c20853 · outbound

This paper cites Language Versatilists vs. Specialists: An Empirical Revisiting on Multilingual Transfer Ability.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Language Versatilists vs. Specialists: An Empirical Revisiting on Multilingual Transfer Ability

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.947764Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9a9391d2-fc59-4f7d-b512-b61660b1b8af · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:31.978242Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0a4895ea-925a-4e09-aeba-6345523937ae · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:32.003829Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8a63c43b-daa4-47fb-a215-050bca603b5a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:32.032538Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dd5673e8-19a9-457a-af3e-a10b5e63a92a · outbound

This paper cites Tracing the Roots of Facts in Multilingual Language Models: Independent, Shared, and Transferred Knowledge.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon Tracing the Roots of Facts in Multilingual Language Models: Independent, Shared, and Transferred Knowledge

Reference 38

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:32.525566Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation bbdda1cd-8ee7-47a5-808d-c1988713e2a0 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:32.101018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cc492e91-45bc-4058-87b0-031533374011 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Cross-Lingual Transfer of Cultural Knowledge: An Asymmetric Phenomenon write newline

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:42:32.127192Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.