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Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
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One of the most compelling pieces of evidence of the Hot Big Bang model is the realisation and confirmation that some nuclides were created shortly after the Big Bang. This process is referred to as Big Bang nucleosynthesis (or, sometimes, primordial nucleosynthesis), and is the end-product of putting neutrons and protons in a hot, expanding Universe. Big Bang nucleosynthesis currently provides our earliest test of cosmology, and it is the only experiment currently designed that is simultaneously sensitive to all four known fundamental forces: the gravitational force, the electromagnetic force, the strong force and the weak force. Our theoretical understanding of Big Bang nucleosynthesis and the measurement of the primordial abundances together represents one of the strongest pillars of the standard cosmological model. In this chapter, we will develop an intuitive understanding of Big Bang nucleosynthesis, discuss modern calculations of this process, and provide a summary of the current state-of-the-art measurements that have been made. Overall, Big Bang nucleosynthesis is in remarkable agreement with various cosmological probes, and it is this agreement that serves to strengthen our confidence in the general picture of cosmology that we have today.
Forward citations
Cited by 5 Pith papers
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Sensitivity of Next-Generation CMB Surveys to Neutrinos and Other Light Relics
CMB-S4 forecasts: the two-site design reaches sigma(Neff)=0.029 in seven years, the Chile-only revised design reaches 0.030 in nine, and a cosmic-variance-limited survey would reach 0.0073.
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Probing the origins. II. Unravelling lithium depletion and stellar motion: Intrinsic stellar properties drive depletion, not kinematics
Using survival analysis of 1,188 Gaia-ESO dwarf stars, the authors show lithium depletion is driven by temperature, metallicity, and age, not by radial migration.
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The Bearable Inhomogeneity of the Baryon Asymmetry
BBN deuterium abundances exclude baryon-to-photon inhomogeneities above roughly 26-28% RMS, probing physics at temperatures up to a few TeV.
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Early-universe constraints on the electron mass
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and neutrino-decoupling data pin the early-universe electron mass to 0.504-0.510 MeV, within about 1.4% of the present laboratory value.
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The Multi-Scale Multi-Phase Circumgalactic Medium: Observed and Simulated
A review chapter and lecture notes summarizing the observational and simulated view of the multiphase circumgalactic medium and the cosmic baryon cycle, with IllustrisTNG-based exercises.
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