Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 36 of 36 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.09014.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.09014 v1

Coverage vector

measured 36 of 36 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:45.393061Z

measured 36 of 36 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

36 of 36 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy0
unresolved34
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation cf238843-15a3-4932-bf0c-07d976e37d14 · outbound

This paper cites Generative image captioning in urdu using deep learning.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Generative image captioning in urdu using deep learning

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.189833Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b0799bed-7272-4992-a4b0-fea0b94bf682 · outbound

This paper cites A transformer-based urdu image caption generator.Journal of Computational Linguistics, 2024.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation A transformer-based urdu image caption generator.Journal of Computational Linguistics, 2024

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.208048Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 69b9f292-de18-4277-9490-cd73cedb2001 · outbound

This paper cites Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.250926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f95e35aa-83cc-44bf-ae9b-bb7fc0eaba99 · outbound

This paper cites Massively multilingual sentence embeddings for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer and beyond.Transactions of the association for computational linguistics, 7:597–610, 2019.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Massively multilingual sentence embeddings for zero-shot cross-lingual transfer and beyond.Transactions of the association for computational linguistics, 7:597–610, 2019

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.284388Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 412fac42-dd76-47e0-8e04-7c8367c1118f · outbound

This paper cites Qwen Technical Report.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Qwen Technical Report

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.314288Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f012383d-d653-4afe-8cb4-46cd079c9e79 · outbound

This paper cites Multilingual vision-and-language representation learning.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Multilingual vision-and-language representation learning

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.355029Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9e1ee3ac-b78b-48ae-a9fe-50ace34cb8ed · outbound

This paper cites PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.391146Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4f49463e-9c2f-497d-bcfe-dc27fbb6d5db · outbound

This paper cites SeamlessM4T: Massively Multilingual & Multimodal Machine Translation.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation SeamlessM4T: Massively Multilingual & Multimodal Machine Translation

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.451788Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e17d1073-0eac-4c12-9bef-65206112c9b5 · outbound

This paper cites No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.486223Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 761ae009-fb96-41e4-b91b-72861c82274f · outbound

This paper cites Clipscore: A reference-free evaluation metric for image captioning.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Clipscore: A reference-free evaluation metric for image captioning

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.528542Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a3190854-0045-44e9-9e56-2607d8f1126c · outbound

This paper cites Efficient Urdu Caption Generation using Attention based LSTM.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Efficient Urdu Caption Generation using Attention based LSTM

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.553540Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 38220436-2ae6-4dff-b2a2-38e5ed328956 · outbound

This paper cites Openclip: An open-source reimplementation of clip.https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip, 2021.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Openclip: An open-source reimplementation of clip.https://github.com/mlfoundations/open_clip, 2021

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.613957Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b1bdf49f-fab3-4b9b-9649-618640825473 · outbound

This paper cites Johnson and Taghi M.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Johnson and Taghi M

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.630163Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 40a9a5a2-5d33-468e-abc5-2e420c058ec5 · outbound

This paper cites The state and fate of linguistic diversity and inclusion in the nlp world.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation The state and fate of linguistic diversity and inclusion in the nlp world

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.671413Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 19866d74-863f-433c-89fa-acc9a7e10ee3 · outbound

This paper cites Frauds Bargain Attack: Generating Adversarial Text Samples via Word Manipulation Process.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Frauds Bargain Attack: Generating Adversarial Text Samples via Word Manipulation Process

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.707367Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e822431a-e00b-4762-99b7-35c1651b7244 · outbound

This paper cites Bilingual–visual consistency for multimodal neural machine translation.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Bilingual–visual consistency for multimodal neural machine translation

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.739787Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c215330a-41ba-4162-8b3f-fbaade13bba9 · outbound

This paper cites Microsoft coco: Common objects in context.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Microsoft coco: Common objects in context

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.779330Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 613faa33-9b50-45f2-9aa2-f476fca1d54c · outbound

This paper cites Aligning visual and textual concepts for multimodal learning.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Aligning visual and textual concepts for multimodal learning

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.789861Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3cf872c2-d760-4738-884e-0da5a743eaec · outbound

This paper cites Uicd: A new dataset and approach for urdu image captioning.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Uicd: A new dataset and approach for urdu image captioning

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-04T19:58:32.135778Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation dced8525-f0bd-4560-9348-c8a975fe5d9d · outbound

This paper cites Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.867358Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8f20581f-17a4-4361-be60-1f11f8525f05 · outbound

This paper cites chrf: character n-gram f-score for automatic mt evaluation.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation chrf: character n-gram f-score for automatic mt evaluation

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.902452Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5156d792-d626-4b96-b803-f9549b618f5c · outbound

This paper cites A call for clarity in reporting bleu scores.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation A call for clarity in reporting bleu scores

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.964637Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 23176506-0055-4a25-8339-8f3febc714d7 · outbound

This paper cites Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:44.981165Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e5887033-193b-43fc-b227-28d6d633d488 · outbound

This paper cites The impact of translating resource-rich datasets to low-resource languages.ACL Findings, 2021.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation The impact of translating resource-rich datasets to low-resource languages.ACL Findings, 2021

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:45.022661Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 86ec481c-a153-4526-84f7-9a7e136153c7 · outbound

This paper cites Comet: A neural framework for mt evaluation.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Comet: A neural framework for mt evaluation

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:45.067556Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e2f6ff27-f8ae-45b3-8317-ce790bf9106e · outbound

This paper cites A dataset for movie description.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation A dataset for movie description

Reference 27

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:45.091717Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 65938e06-3da3-4d8a-a3ab-524c75e10b03 · outbound

This paper cites Optical parametric oscillation in silicon carbide nanophotonics.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Optical parametric oscillation in silicon carbide nanophotonics

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:45.117651Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 33b03155-51a5-4b2b-af5a-d565f47668c1 · outbound

This paper cites Laion-5b: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text models.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Laion-5b: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text models

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:45.158899Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bed9bb90-4d1d-409d-b561-7c95c7ffb191 · outbound

This paper cites On the stratification of multi-label data.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation On the stratification of multi-label data

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:45.176389Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8cdebaad-445c-4929-8658-ec63b1abe38b · outbound

This paper cites Multimodal quality estimation for machine translation.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Multimodal quality estimation for machine translation

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:45.210380Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 257041e6-933e-4584-8d12-df305798b660 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:45.246349Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e54a9fe0-19ed-4763-893e-f041f72cd8cb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:45.277507Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e7bec6f6-5fc6-4679-8cd6-f86de57138a7 · outbound

This paper cites Cliptrans: Transferring visual knowledge with pre-trained models for multimodal machine translation.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Cliptrans: Transferring visual knowledge with pre-trained models for multimodal machine translation

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:45.287808Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 15c4100e-016c-4368-80db-689ce493fb20 · outbound

This paper cites VLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark for Evaluating Vision-Language Models.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation VLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark for Evaluating Vision-Language Models

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:45.328993Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 53b7023a-8f04-42c7-a98f-af9f2d3d779f · outbound

This paper cites Mobileclip: Fast image-text models for on-device multimodal learning.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation Mobileclip: Fast image-text models for on-device multimodal learning

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:45.361226Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1c327785-7b05-44cd-8c5d-359a9fba4ad5 · outbound

This paper cites BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT.

COCO-Urdu: A Large-Scale Urdu Image-Caption Dataset with Multimodal Quality Estimation BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T19:55:45.393061Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.