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The Soft $\mathcal{S}$-Matrix in Gravity

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arxiv 2005.13433 v2 pith:LEEWBKET submitted 2020-05-27 hep-th

Elizabeth Himwich , Sruthi A. Narayanan , Monica Pate , Nisarga Paul , Andrew Strominger This is my paper · ORCID
classification hep-th
keywords softcurrentgravitationalmathcalmatrixcutofffactorsupertranslations
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abstract

The gravitational $\mathcal{S}$-matrix defined with an infrared (IR) cutoff factorizes into hard and soft factors. The soft factor is universal and contains all the IR and collinear divergences. Here we show, in a momentum space basis, that the intricate expression for the soft factor is fully reproduced by two boundary currents, which live on the celestial sphere. The first of these is the supertranslation current, which generates spacetime supertranslations. The second is its symplectic partner, the Goldstone current for spontaneously broken supertranslations. The current algebra has an off-diagonal level structure involving the gravitational cusp anomalous dimension and the logarithm of the IR cutoff. It is further shown that the gravitational memory effect is contained as an IR safe observable within the soft $\mathcal{S}$-matrix.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Supertranslations are Soft Dressings

    hep-th 2026-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Coherent-state dressings by zero-energy gravitons are equivalent to BMS supertranslations, and the associated conserved charge produces a universal, all-orders shift of the scattering impact parameter.

  2. Celestial Quantum Error Correction II: From Qudits to Celestial CFT

    hep-th 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A GKP-style qudit code on a chain embedded in Klein spacetime is shown to flow, in the continuum limit, to a celestial CFT whose logical states carry quantized supertranslation hair protected from soft graviton errors.

  3. Effective density matrix for vacua in asymptotically flat gravity

    hep-th 2025-09 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    The vacuum of a large causal diamond in asymptotically flat gravity is claimed to be a Gaussian in the supertranslation Goldstone mode, giving modular Hamiltonian variance A/epsilon squared.

  4. Lectures on Carrollian Holography

    hep-th 2025-11 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    Massless scattering amplitudes, including gravitons, can be recast as correlators of a carrollian conformal field theory on null infinity, but the non-perturbative bootstrap program remains incomplete.

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