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Reconstruction of ringdown with excitation factors

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arxiv 2407.02563 v2 pith:LIW7PQEI submitted 2024-07-02 gr-qc astro-ph.CO

classification gr-qcastro-ph.CO
keywords ringdownqnmstimeexcitationfactorsfunctiongreenmodes
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abstract

In black hole perturbation formalism, the gravitational waveform is obtained by the convolution of the Green's function and the source term causing radiation emission. Hence, the ringdown properties, namely its start time, depend on both functions. The unknown time-shift encoded in the Green's function introduces a "time-shift problem" for ringdown. We study the ringdown time-shift problem by reconstructing a waveform via the excitation factors of quasi-normal modes (QNMs) of a spinning black hole. For the first time, we reconstruct ringdown with a significant number of QNMs weighted with their excitation factors and confirm its excellent convergence. We then precisely identify the ringdown starting time. We also find (i) that for moderate or large spins and $\ell=m=2$, QNMs should be included up to around the $20$th prograde overtones and around fifth retrograde overtones to reconstruct the ringdown waveform for the delta-function source with a mismatch threshold $ M < O(10^{-3})$. For higher angular modes, a more significant number of QNMs are necessary to reconstruct it; (ii) that the time shift of ringdown caused by the Green's function is the same for different $(\ell, m, n)$ modes but that nontrivial sources can change this conclusion. Finally, we demonstrate (iii) that the greybody factor can be reconstructed with the superposed QNM spectrum in the frequency domain.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns

    gr-qc 2025-09 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Merger gravitational wave signals contain a 'direct wave' from the plunging companions, screened by the remnant's potential, with frequency near the superradiant value for high-spin remnants and SNR above 10 in GW1509...

  2. Excitation region of Kerr black hole quasinormal modes from Stokes geometry

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The excitation radius of Kerr quasinormal modes is identified with the anti-Stokes line's intersection with the real axis, matching numerical QNM-plus-tail convergence tests at low and intermediate spins.

  3. Waveform stability of black hole ringdown with stochastic horizon structure

    gr-qc 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Ringdown waveforms are robust against small-scale stochastic horizon fluctuations; only coherent, macroscopic horizon structure with ε≳10^-4 and L_c∼M could produce observable deviations.

  4. Exceptional Lines and Excitation of (Nearly) Double-Pole Quasinormal Modes: A Semi-Analytic Study in the Nariai Black Hole

    gr-qc 2026-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In the near-Nariai limit of rotating de Sitter black holes, massive scalar perturbations have a continuous curve of exceptional points where prograde and retrograde quasinormal modes merge, and the resulting double-po...

  5. Self-force framework for merger-ringdown waveforms

    gr-qc 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A phase-space self-force framework is extended through the final plunge to produce merger-ringdown waveforms at leading geodesic order, with stationary-phase and quasinormal-mode approximations both failing near the p...

  6. Spectrum instability and greybody factor stability for parabolic approximation of Regge-Wheeler potential

    gr-qc 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Replacing the Regge-Wheeler potential by piecewise parabolas makes quasinormal-mode spectra unstable, with long-lived overtones, while greybody factors stay close to the exact Schwarzschild result.

  7. Quasinormal mode content of binary black hole ringdowns

    gr-qc 2025-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A Bayesian, evidence-based analysis of 13 simulated black-hole ringdowns tabulates which quasinormal overtones, retrograde modes, and nonlinear (quadratic and cubic) modes are present at each start time, and finds no ...

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