Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 25 of 25 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.03526.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.03526 v1

Coverage vector

measured 25 of 25 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:09.839635Z

measured 26 of 26 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-09T18:29:57.023794Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-11T16:11:11.781769Z

Reference resolution

25 of 25 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy12
unresolved13
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation d9f874c1-0e02-4627-947a-d8a0fc2ab0af · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:10.130129Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation c3f77277-3ccc-4031-a6a3-34b654b9e1e4 · outbound

This paper cites Andersen.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Andersen

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:10.118636Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 0f8706ce-b106-4d1d-8a53-8d01d1a24243 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:10.106911Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 1a676e91-33ec-4c44-95c8-23f61c32897c · outbound

This paper cites Ashenfelter.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Ashenfelter

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:10.096029Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation bdef7ed1-d666-4dbb-a7ca-424f2aef3ef2 · outbound

This paper cites Callaway.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Callaway

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:10.084565Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 115bf428-d8e3-4026-8563-3ad43e457ab0 · outbound

This paper cites Cunningham.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Cunningham

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:10.073605Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 9cd26676-bcd5-4301-be3a-2536d9a32e70 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:10.061317Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 83dd139e-f6e6-4a9e-8422-3ad353b40d4d · outbound

This paper cites Selection and parallel trends.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Selection and parallel trends

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:09.778804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7a3d3858-eb34-4377-b365-e89f326d32ae · outbound

This paper cites Greenland, J.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Greenland, J

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:10.049942Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation f5dab818-416a-43de-b576-3beabc026916 · outbound

This paper cites Kim and P.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Kim and P

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:10.039245Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 4c77dcb8-b7a4-4a92-a66d-809fff993309 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:10.028436Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation d340f0ee-a3fa-4db3-944f-d8508877e633 · outbound

This paper cites Lechner et al.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Lechner et al

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:10.017709Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 8e4f3c6f-7597-451e-97f7-ea5ed65405f9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:09.796820Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 998e5d4e-caf3-4368-b4cc-1782b968cf8c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:09.999950Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 17750dc6-3a1e-461b-8778-16bf2d41c7f8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:09.803556Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 166d9901-8e7e-49f1-b46c-09c85602e62c · outbound

This paper cites On the Validity of Covariate Adjustment for Estimating Causal Effects.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies On the Validity of Covariate Adjustment for Estimating Causal Effects

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:09.806860Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f5d782e9-c565-498a-ad2d-806106e495e4 · outbound

This paper cites Shrier and R.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Shrier and R

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:09.982428Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation ca99a0c9-e915-4ebf-9fae-93845155f828 · outbound

This paper cites Sofer, D.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Sofer, D

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:09.971099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 078ffc12-4ed4-47c1-8c34-06f99e4a1758 · outbound

This paper cites Spirtes, C.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Spirtes, C

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:09.959499Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 346b9b58-3fc6-4548-8cb1-1104c207a7f7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:09.947673Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation fe7a47a7-c6ac-4190-8234-a49c09cb3810 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:09.935772Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 4dd3850e-6955-4544-9725-8fd11e2e34dd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:09.924354Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 655b8fed-4c42-469f-ab24-9a863aa74260 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:09.913310Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation be63ac59-e201-4d5e-a574-5feca3917843 · outbound

This paper cites Zeldow and L.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Zeldow and L

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:09.902150Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 77870fa5-d057-4177-8145-3f0b62f10ca5 · outbound

This paper cites Zhang, C.

Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies Zhang, C

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:09.890348Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 358ee04e-c6ac-445b-9fe0-f3e61e681297 · inbound

A formal approach to variable selection in difference-in-differences cites this paper.

A formal approach to variable selection in difference-in-differences Using causal diagrams to assess parallel trends in difference-in-differences studies

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T16:11:11.793523Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.