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Disentangling sources of momentum fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector
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abstract
High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the event-wise average transverse momentum ($P([p_{\mathrm{T}}])$). Distinguishing between contributions from fluctuations in the size of the nuclear overlap area (geometrical component) and other sources at fixed size (intrinsic component) presents a challenge. Here, these two components are distinguished by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of $P([p_{\mathrm{T}}])$ in $^{208}$Pb+$^{208}$Pb and $^{129}$Xe+$^{129}$Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{\mathrm{NN}}}} = 5.02$ and 5.44 TeV, respectively, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. All observables show distinct changes in behavior in ultra-central collisions, where the geometrical variations are suppressed as the overlap area reaches its maximum. These results demonstrate a new technique to disentangle geometrical and intrinsic fluctuations, enabling constraints on initial condition and properties of the quark-gluon plasma, such as the speed of sound.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Extracting the speed of sound of QCD from transverse momentum fluctuations
From ATLAS data on transverse-momentum fluctuations in ultra-central Pb+Pb collisions, the QGP speed of sound is extracted as 0.496 ± 0.008 at 221 ± 13 MeV, matching lattice QCD.
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Interaction fingerprints in temperature-fluctuation cumulants from the QCD crossover to nuclear liquid-gas criticality
Temperature-fluctuation cumulants in ideal, excluded-volume, and van der Waals hadron resonance gas track lattice QCD through the crossover, separate along freeze-out at low energy, and trace the nuclear liquid-gas Wi...
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Study of $p_\mathrm{T}$-differential radial flow in blast-wave model
A blast-wave model with Gaussian event-by-event fluctuations reproduces ALICE v0(pT) data and yields systematically higher freeze-out temperatures than conventional pT-spectra fits.
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Few is different: deciphering many-body dynamics in mesoscopic quantum gases
A workshop report mapping the size, equilibrium, and interaction frontiers of hydrodynamic behavior in mesoscopic quantum systems, connecting few-atom Fermi gases and high-energy small collision systems.
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