Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving

As of 15 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 40 of 40 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.01990.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.01990 v1

Coverage vector

measured 40 of 40 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:41.651892Z

measured 40 of 40 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

40 of 40 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy27
unresolved11
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation bf68ce9e-ca05-4a27-a76d-5e784ee23243 · outbound

This paper cites AWS Trainium.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving AWS Trainium

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.618385Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 13a151b6-dd24-4d8f-ae37-d3a3c715e157 · outbound

This paper cites Reducing the carbon impact of generative AI inference (today and in 2035).

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Reducing the carbon impact of generative AI inference (today and in 2035)

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.601568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation a3c9fd5d-e1c6-479a-aba0-72b07a5cf7ed · outbound

This paper cites PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving PaLM: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:41.442520Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2c591211-a6c6-4fb4-81ac-d4d3a4b5837f · outbound

This paper cites Electricity maps.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Electricity maps

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.586450Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 329323fe-7efe-4c62-952c-0dd3d4a92101 · outbound

This paper cites Fine- tuning giant neural networks on commodity hardware with automatic pipeline model parallelism.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Fine- tuning giant neural networks on commodity hardware with automatic pipeline model parallelism

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.570198Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation b6ea0d18-0423-4e23-a6d0-f45b5cfc6b56 · outbound

This paper cites LLMCarbon: Modeling the end-to-end carbon footprint of large language models.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving LLMCarbon: Modeling the end-to-end carbon footprint of large language models

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.552869Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 8cc2e6eb-1f51-40c2-8680-d3e3c2076fd0 · outbound

This paper cites Cost-Efficient Large Language Model Serving for Multi-turn Conversations with CachedAttention.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Cost-Efficient Large Language Model Serving for Multi-turn Conversations with CachedAttention

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:41.466114Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4c6a22a2-27f0-4d3d-a75a-c2a82677db15 · outbound

This paper cites Accelerate AI development with Google cloud TPUs.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Accelerate AI development with Google cloud TPUs

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.536143Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 96fee8bd-69e2-4de8-8eea-afdb59706d0a · outbound

This paper cites Why your internet habits are not as clean as you think.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Why your internet habits are not as clean as you think

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.008197Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation b05c6086-3116-4798-8d37-638a1b306e88 · outbound

This paper cites Lee, David Brooks, and Carole-Jean Wu.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Lee, David Brooks, and Carole-Jean Wu

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.517160Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 77fdce02-bfd6-459d-bce6-8230f3785780 · outbound

This paper cites Small Language Models Fine-tuned to Coordinate Larger Language Models improve Complex Reasoning.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Small Language Models Fine-tuned to Coordinate Larger Language Models improve Complex Reasoning

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:41.490618Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0f53dac2-aca2-4afe-b0b8-395965e139e7 · outbound

This paper cites Fast inference from transform- ers via speculative decoding.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Fast inference from transform- ers via speculative decoding

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.500433Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 69e53815-ecc2-4b6a-8650-8ea4c21dae10 · outbound

This paper cites Toward sustainable HPC: Carbon footprint estimation and environmental implications of HPC systems.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Toward sustainable HPC: Carbon footprint estimation and environmental implications of HPC systems

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.476795Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 92569acb-41ac-4e53-9c05-0fae7cf8d56d · outbound

This paper cites Is your code generated by ChatGPT really correct? rigorous evaluation of large language models for code generation.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Is your code generated by ChatGPT really correct? rigorous evaluation of large language models for code generation

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.459306Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 20024992-6927-462c-ac1e-05abb80d4657 · outbound

This paper cites Counting Carbon: A Survey of Factors Influencing the Emissions of Machine Learning.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Counting Carbon: A Survey of Factors Influencing the Emissions of Machine Learning

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:41.514240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d0010800-0cf1-4e04-a5b7-63e112816355 · outbound

This paper cites Estimating the carbon footprint of BLOOM, A 176B parameter language model.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Estimating the carbon footprint of BLOOM, A 176B parameter language model

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.442749Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 76366ff8-20a0-4b66-b317-3c606d82517f · outbound

This paper cites Bringing carbon awareness to multi-cloud application delivery.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Bringing carbon awareness to multi-cloud application delivery

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.425374Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 503f2a08-f7b3-4897-a370-b1fbfa013d60 · outbound

This paper cites Sitaraman.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Sitaraman

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.407842Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation d6f3b6d0-3dc0-4fab-9a9b-84bd779a5a5a · outbound

This paper cites Sitaraman, and Prashant Shenoy.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Sitaraman, and Prashant Shenoy

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.282128Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation abc497d3-ef3d-4821-993d-21f3772bb373 · outbound

This paper cites MTIA v1: Meta’s first-generation AI inference accelerator.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving MTIA v1: Meta’s first-generation AI inference accelerator

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.265653Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 6a3138b1-8208-441f-be0c-2e524f2bbaf1 · outbound

This paper cites NVIDIA HGX AI Supercomputer.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving NVIDIA HGX AI Supercomputer

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.248337Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 9002b9f7-abea-4745-ad59-16353fe32a26 · outbound

This paper cites NVIDIA management library (NVML).

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving NVIDIA management library (NVML)

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.233086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 54bb7531-422b-48af-ba70-7b522918f5a7 · outbound

This paper cites Ashraf, Christian Engelmann, Mallikarjun Shankar, and James H.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Ashraf, Christian Engelmann, Mallikarjun Shankar, and James H

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.216849Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 5de76dd5-9c77-48c6-95d1-dc14369130eb · outbound

This paper cites Splitwise improves GPU usage by splitting LLM inference phases.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Splitwise improves GPU usage by splitting LLM inference phases

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.200609Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation a6aa644a-c1f2-4126-ab03-997972818433 · outbound

This paper cites So, Maud Texier, and Jeff Dean.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving So, Maud Texier, and Jeff Dean

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.184194Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation be7924a2-302d-4d43-8cef-03592f7b667d · outbound

This paper cites HuggingGPT: Solving AI tasks with ChatGPT and its friends in hugging face.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving HuggingGPT: Solving AI tasks with ChatGPT and its friends in hugging face

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.167871Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation eb8f7b95-e03c-49a2-8f4a-3ca3c00adc85 · outbound

This paper cites PowerInfer: Fast Large Language Model Serving with a Consumer-grade GPU.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving PowerInfer: Fast Large Language Model Serving with a Consumer-grade GPU

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:41.579934Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fba87fc4-3f3e-48c3-8199-7be765e74fe7 · outbound

This paper cites Hashimoto.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Hashimoto

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.151010Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation f6ffe0fd-31f4-4bfe-8192-98fcac1e5c2e · outbound

This paper cites NVIDIA Tesla T4.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving NVIDIA Tesla T4

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.131793Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 63a7e315-6af4-47a2-8c1d-02942f7f7adc · outbound

This paper cites NVIDIA RTX 6000 Ada Generation.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving NVIDIA RTX 6000 Ada Generation

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.113678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation d449df61-6ba9-4d72-99ec-3c392337f535 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:41.602195Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 02d3299f-b931-4491-bc3f-442959e8924d · outbound

This paper cites FreshLLMs: Refreshing Large Language Models with Search Engine Augmentation.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving FreshLLMs: Refreshing Large Language Models with Search Engine Augmentation

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:41.607643Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 87d7fde2-a4ed-4953-be19-6b080b4fdaad · outbound

This paper cites Peeling back the carbon curtain: Carbon optimization challenges in cloud computing.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Peeling back the carbon curtain: Carbon optimization challenges in cloud computing

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.097126Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 14800bd2-dc19-4eb9-837b-cc0a9272dc63 · outbound

This paper cites Gen AI’s environmental ledger: A closer look at the carbon footprint of ChatGPT.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Gen AI’s environmental ledger: A closer look at the carbon footprint of ChatGPT

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.080318Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation b7ac0204-d0ff-4dce-a4bb-e06d7a34dc26 · outbound

This paper cites Small Models are Valuable Plug-ins for Large Language Models.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Small Models are Valuable Plug-ins for Large Language Models

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:41.624539Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 55516410-530a-45c1-90e1-374fafe0503e · outbound

This paper cites mLoRA: Fine-Tuning LoRA Adapters via Highly-Efficient Pipeline Parallelism in Multiple GPUs.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving mLoRA: Fine-Tuning LoRA Adapters via Highly-Efficient Pipeline Parallelism in Multiple GPUs

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:41.630016Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c5182538-f188-48fe-9e35-5c0c2f12a564 · outbound

This paper cites RAFT: Adapting Language Model to Domain Specific RAG.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving RAFT: Adapting Language Model to Domain Specific RAG

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:41.636057Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0c4fd526-13e3-44a6-b712-ba3d5b1ed46d · outbound

This paper cites A GNN-based day ahead carbon intensity forecasting model for cross-border power grids.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving A GNN-based day ahead carbon intensity forecasting model for cross-border power grids

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:42.062685Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 7ad3930f-8210-48ee-837b-669f6b1b7e1c · outbound

This paper cites Embodied Carbon Accounting through Spatial-Temporal Embodied Carbon Models.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving Embodied Carbon Accounting through Spatial-Temporal Embodied Carbon Models

Reference 39

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:41.715700Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

Observation 0f926cef-6847-43f8-bfe5-259bb2b16ab8 · outbound

This paper cites DistServe: Disaggregating Prefill and Decoding for Goodput-optimized Large Language Model Serving.

Towards Sustainable Large Language Model Serving DistServe: Disaggregating Prefill and Decoding for Goodput-optimized Large Language Model Serving

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T22:59:41.651892Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.