Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2

As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 35 of 35 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2501.18670.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.18670 v1

Coverage vector

measured 35 of 35 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.288080Z

measured 36 of 36 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-14T09:18:25.640217Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

35 of 35 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy26
unresolved8
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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 7112ccb6-b797-4d50-be3b-5d8b75a89f8d · outbound

This paper cites Teach Multimodal LLMs to Comprehend Electrocardiographic Images.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Teach Multimodal LLMs to Comprehend Electrocardiographic Images

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.170806Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 99a7d437-ada4-4657-9f5c-cf31b34c18ce · outbound

This paper cites Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.684815Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation edf25667-678d-46ca-8cc0-316ed3b7d256 · outbound

This paper cites Ahmed and Christian Mallen and Chun Shing Kw ok Misdiagnosis of Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of the Li terature In Journal of Cardiac Failure , 2021.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Ahmed and Christian Mallen and Chun Shing Kw ok Misdiagnosis of Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of the Li terature In Journal of Cardiac Failure , 2021

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.673779Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 2812b87c-042d-4eb2-9960-00e30952436a · outbound

This paper cites Training dee p nets with sublinear memory cost.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Training dee p nets with sublinear memory cost

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.663042Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation b00a6519-a452-4b63-95ee-058a45f75fb9 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Expert-Level Medical Question Answering with Large Language Models.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Towards Expert-Level Medical Question Answering with Large Language Models

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.186219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 36a89338-0f8b-4272-bb8d-a02ffd2412d8 · outbound

This paper cites An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image r ecogni- tion at scale.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image r ecogni- tion at scale

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.652293Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation aac1903e-146b-4b82-a24f-e083467fad14 · outbound

This paper cites An introduction to ROC analysis.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 An introduction to ROC analysis

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.642337Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation d1c69d10-2068-4f95-978c-91b9d397818b · outbound

This paper cites Making the v in vqa matter: Elevating the role of image understandin g in visual question answering.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Making the v in vqa matter: Elevating the role of image understandin g in visual question answering

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.631608Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 058d8d7c-4bc9-4fe5-8f60-49c71bc0705c · outbound

This paper cites Y .; Rajpurkar, P .; Haghpanahi, M.; Tison, G.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Y .; Rajpurkar, P .; Haghpanahi, M.; Tison, G

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.620720Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 5b47d38b-0bda-4b9c-9929-6b0510af17a8 · outbound

This paper cites J; Shen, Y .; Wallis, P .; Allen-Zhu, Z.; Li, Y .; Wan g, S.; Chen, W.; Wang, Z.; and Chen, X.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 J; Shen, Y .; Wallis, P .; Allen-Zhu, Z.; Li, Y .; Wan g, S.; Chen, W.; Wang, Z.; and Chen, X

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.610753Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 1d5f2b9a-dee8-48a2-a68c-09b4b08712be · outbound

This paper cites Deep Learning for ECG Analysis: Benchmarks and Insights from PTB-XL.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Deep Learning for ECG Analysis: Benchmarks and Insights from PTB-XL

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.352329Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 2c4062f5-aa82-4cb2-81e8-57084c0bed8a · outbound

This paper cites A Study of BFLOAT16 for Deep Learning Training.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 A Study of BFLOAT16 for Deep Learning Training

Reference 12

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2e5c77a6-378c-4525-b0ea-a7e37f92d732 · outbound

This paper cites LLaVA-Med: Training a Large Language-and-Vision Assistant for Biomedicine in One Day.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 LLaVA-Med: Training a Large Language-and-Vision Assistant for Biomedicine in One Day

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.214789Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8768bf4c-0827-45b3-bfee-f3fa0a3e5b0a · outbound

This paper cites Capabilities of Gemini Models in Medicine.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Capabilities of Gemini Models in Medicine

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.218172Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a08f0b3e-c1aa-4bad-80c7-d3a7ea05e621 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.599530Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 78ed906f-b33c-4d94-9c90-fda25a428041 · outbound

This paper cites https://openai.com/policies/ service- terms/,.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 https://openai.com/policies/ service- terms/,

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.589517Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 994e0782-9ebc-4bad-bc90-d4c3c0a0a141 · outbound

This paper cites Model https://github.com/meta-llama/llama -models/blob/ main/models/llama3 1/MODEL CARD.md/, 2024.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Model https://github.com/meta-llama/llama -models/blob/ main/models/llama3 1/MODEL CARD.md/, 2024

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.578837Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 0f2192aa-febd-463c-b91d-ecf75faa1323 · outbound

This paper cites and Hutter, F.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 and Hutter, F

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.567042Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 904c5a96-770a-44c6-8205-cac6075652a7 · outbound

This paper cites J.; Tan, B.; Bansal, M.; Zeng, H.; Li, L.; and V asco ncelos, N.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 J.; Tan, B.; Bansal, M.; Zeng, H.; Li, L.; and V asco ncelos, N

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.555733Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 7157a05e-4934-4568-a0c7-668c210845fd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.545078Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation fb01c9e4-a3f5-4b38-9395-fb09782b8c5a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.533218Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 0e6b7687-b330-472a-adc8-f32cff97321d · outbound

This paper cites Language models are unsupervised multitask learners.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Language models are unsupervised multitask learners

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.521084Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 4f1d381f-53d5-499c-999e-467e75de9c0c · outbound

This paper cites Zero: Memory optimizations toward training trillion parameter models.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Zero: Memory optimizations toward training trillion parameter models

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.509790Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 7da1f682-8cd5-4a12-b8db-942bb282060c · outbound

This paper cites Deep Speed: System optimizations enable training deep learning models with ov er 100 billion parameters.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Deep Speed: System optimizations enable training deep learning models with ov er 100 billion parameters

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.498098Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 083d173a-d036-44b8-938c-151307406cee · outbound

This paper cites Computerized el ectrocardiogram interpretation: a critical review.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Computerized el ectrocardiogram interpretation: a critical review

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.488277Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 5e4318ef-d11c-4ab9-95c7-6b19262635ec · outbound

This paper cites H.; Ribeiro, C.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 H.; Ribeiro, C

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.477539Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 0ee21e3a-3959-4add-a00b-7e1d10bc3da9 · outbound

This paper cites E.; Bulgarelli, L.; Shen, L.; Pollard, T.; M ark, R.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 E.; Bulgarelli, L.; Shen, L.; Pollard, T.; M ark, R

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.468390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 6c5bb920-6791-4f4e-a8e1-f82dad3f22f8 · outbound

This paper cites Oikonomou, Lo vedeep S.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Oikonomou, Lo vedeep S

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.457780Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 46db3a56-e0a9-4d37-a26c-52a52acdb41f · outbound

This paper cites V .; D¨ orges, V .; Bobinger, T.; B¨ ottinger, M.; Breitkopf, C.; Diez, C.; Dittrich, P .; Ebrahimi, F.; Ell inger, K.; et al.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 V .; D¨ orges, V .; Bobinger, T.; B¨ ottinger, M.; Breitkopf, C.; Diez, C.; Dittrich, P .; Ebrahimi, F.; Ell inger, K.; et al

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.448358Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation f6eb170b-42de-43d3-9ca2-766f224fb493 · outbound

This paper cites and Khoshgoftaar, T.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 and Khoshgoftaar, T

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.437116Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 445c00e1-5017-4445-b65d-635da8164ce7 · outbound

This paper cites Comparison of Vision Transformers and Convolutional Neura l Networks in Medical Image Analysis: A Systematic Review Med Syst.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Comparison of Vision Transformers and Convolutional Neura l Networks in Medical Image Analysis: A Systematic Review Med Syst

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.426352Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation e8238803-f686-4933-b3f1-0c1350edc455 · outbound

This paper cites N.; Kaiser, Ł.; and Polosukhin, I.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 N.; Kaiser, Ł.; and Polosukhin, I

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.415741Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation 9bf70311-aa87-4197-879b-c46bded66b77 · outbound

This paper cites F.; Butter, C.; et a l.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 F.; Butter, C.; et a l

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.405968Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation a23999f3-d6b2-4d06-8f39-a6b72b7a09d6 · outbound

This paper cites Lawrence Zitnick, Devi Parikh VQA: Visual Qu estion Answering In IEEEInternational Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Lawrence Zitnick, Devi Parikh VQA: Visual Qu estion Answering In IEEEInternational Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.395783Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Observation aa057aca-1a90-4eaf-99ec-4669f36675fd · outbound

This paper cites Imagen et classiﬁcation with deep convolutional neural networks.

High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2 Imagen et classiﬁcation with deep convolutional neural networks

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T23:11:21.383367Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 41137091-e0a6-4331-925b-d490691a5774 · inbound

LSTrans: Efficient Knowledge Transfer for Lightweight and Automated ECG Classification cites this paper.

LSTrans: Efficient Knowledge Transfer for Lightweight and Automated ECG Classification High-Accuracy ECG Image Interpretation using Parameter-Efficient LoRA Fine-Tuning with Multimodal LLaMA 3.2

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-14T09:18:25.640217Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.