Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 18 of 18 outbound references and 3 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.07827.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.07827 v3

Coverage vector

measured 18 of 18 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.464647Z

measured 21 of 21 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 3 of 3 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:44:21.006670Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-20T18:58:53.834085Z

Reference resolution

18 of 18 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy7
unresolved9
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier2
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation a5cee870-7d72-4a86-b59f-b2a33f214521 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.601939Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 74d552b7-2fcd-4ee7-9afd-2570c062bc83 · outbound

This paper cites (m1 ◦ m2) ◦ m3 = m1 ◦ (m2 ◦ m3) for all m1, m2, m3 ∈ M.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity (m1 ◦ m2) ◦ m3 = m1 ◦ (m2 ◦ m3) for all m1, m2, m3 ∈ M

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.591207Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 41229696-dda2-4267-b25e-412ad54148f7 · outbound

This paper cites Can a Suit of Armor Conduct Electricity? A New Dataset for Open Book Question Answering.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity Can a Suit of Armor Conduct Electricity? A New Dataset for Open Book Question Answering

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.425268Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0d5120cc-5f54-40f5-8213-cbd732a52189 · outbound

This paper cites Snell, C.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity Snell, C

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.643025Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation fd975bc6-76a4-423f-aad3-dab85d5f2a0f · outbound

This paper cites Soulos, P., Terzic, A., Hersche, M., and Rahimi, A.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity Soulos, P., Terzic, A., Hersche, M., and Rahimi, A

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.633515Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation a234490b-98b3-4034-a14d-c36ae0e99c8f · outbound

This paper cites Strobl, L., Merrill, W., Weiss, G., Chiang, D., and Angluin, D.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity Strobl, L., Merrill, W., Weiss, G., Chiang, D., and Angluin, D

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.623667Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 4bac8d60-78bd-4c32-af43-828df9ca7390 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.443806Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7d91bde2-7a0a-4439-9a8a-dc3f46b2f3dd · outbound

This paper cites Wei, J., Wang, X., Schuurmans, D., Bosma, M., Xia, F., Chi, E., Le, Q.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity Wei, J., Wang, X., Schuurmans, D., Bosma, M., Xia, F., Chi, E., Le, Q

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.612504Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 7231fd74-55c2-4803-b911-675a1023a851 · outbound

This paper cites Towards AI-Complete Question Answering: A Set of Prerequisite Toy Tasks.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity Towards AI-Complete Question Answering: A Set of Prerequisite Toy Tasks

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.451156Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 892a342c-458d-43d1-9e7e-b083581f3b44 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.580048Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 971da91d-0762-4460-bb86-c32e0029bdf3 · outbound

This paper cites We refer to tokens from a non-solvable group as non-solvable tokens, and to tokens from a star free language as solvable tokens.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity We refer to tokens from a non-solvable group as non-solvable tokens, and to tokens from a star free language as solvable tokens

Reference 18

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.567327Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation c9212b3d-1cc2-4c9b-b834-cf2b326cef01 · outbound

This paper cites Deletang, G., Ruoss, A., Grau-Moya, J., Genewein, T., Wen- liang, L.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity Deletang, G., Ruoss, A., Grau-Moya, J., Genewein, T., Wen- liang, L

Reference 2019

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.672331Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 429577e5-9cb8-4fbf-a0a3-4bfb7018a1a7 · outbound

This paper cites Self-Delimiting Neural Networks.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity Self-Delimiting Neural Networks

Reference 2021

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.429343Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4193a2af-f715-461e-90b6-acde12148f10 · outbound

This paper cites Leveraging Pre-trained Large Language Models to Construct and Utilize World Models for Model-based Task Planning.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity Leveraging Pre-trained Large Language Models to Construct and Utilize World Models for Model-based Task Planning

Reference 2022

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.412796Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b2309496-d06b-42c4-91f2-bb6f43e9e59b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity Unresolved cited work

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.417261Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 17c806e4-760e-4fd4-a157-1eb12d2f617f · outbound

This paper cites Merrill, W., Weiss, G., Goldberg, Y ., Schwartz, R., Smith, N.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity Merrill, W., Weiss, G., Goldberg, Y ., Schwartz, R., Smith, N

Reference 2024

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.653781Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation f36f875e-8723-49f4-b645-5e8b6cb903a4 · outbound

This paper cites Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.406869Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 510cd14a-eef7-4080-bf7f-740fa5c49d3b · outbound

This paper cites The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modeling.

Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modeling

Reference 5582

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T14:11:11.402592Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation cb60a949-6fa9-4c1a-a706-3c27e74e4216 · inbound

ATLAS: Learning to Optimally Memorize the Context at Test Time cites this paper.

ATLAS: Learning to Optimally Memorize the Context at Test Time Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity

Reference 73

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:44:21.006670Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 44c0f3c1-9ee1-472f-a4e9-0ff00e938c39 · inbound

MesaNet: Sequence Modeling by Locally Optimal Test-Time Training cites this paper.

MesaNet: Sequence Modeling by Locally Optimal Test-Time Training Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity

Reference 99

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T10:30:13.900275Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b3b507b5-9b24-4355-9b09-5c713908d864 · inbound

Agentic Discovery of Neural Architectures: AIRA-Compose and AIRA-Design cites this paper.

Agentic Discovery of Neural Architectures: AIRA-Compose and AIRA-Design Implicit Language Models are RNNs: Balancing Parallelization and Expressivity

Reference 47

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-20T18:58:53.835661Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.