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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 31 of 31 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.03265.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.03265 v1

Coverage vector

measured 31 of 31 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.475245Z

measured 31 of 31 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

31 of 31 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact3
  • verified fuzzy14
  • unresolved13
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 454ce293-768f-4e82-994d-0f218fef56ce · outbound

This paper cites The state-of-practice in require- ments specification: an extended interview study at 12 companies.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models The state-of-practice in require- ments specification: an extended interview study at 12 companies

Reference 1

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.360501Z digest=sha256:06b15ebd6afa161c07cc926fd0333b774e8acdf4f54046fae1734ce3c25079ec

Observation 1ae80e22-5223-48ac-a984-82a94146cddb · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report

Reference 2

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.365131Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.365131Z digest=sha256:65c28de2b451600d6e6ed9cfb77830492212fa6ae40289d67922acadb474c3b7

Observation 88df4f0a-0308-4fd6-9d73-a2069add83ba · outbound

This paper cites Design science as nested problem solving.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Design science as nested problem solving

Reference 3

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.852581Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.369020Z digest=sha256:aa94a33600c7e073e968ef0b3d0e5890195e9123892476577c5d4343d894a6f3

Observation d780f2eb-d3ac-439b-abc6-d162f68aeb1d · outbound

This paper cites Data Augmentation for Conflict and Duplicate Detection in Software Engineering Sentence Pairs.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Data Augmentation for Conflict and Duplicate Detection in Software Engineering Sentence Pairs

Reference 4

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verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.782643Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.373101Z digest=sha256:9ed283806ddb7d97c45841d2557c7fdfd2e793e28cd756131ea5c638d1f6eaaa

Observation 8ddf912a-64ef-4344-9f75-d5f07558d53c · outbound

This paper cites Multi-type requirements traceability prediction by code data augmentation and fine-tuning MS-CodeBERT.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Multi-type requirements traceability prediction by code data augmentation and fine-tuning MS-CodeBERT

Reference 5

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.376996Z digest=sha256:135d836f8ad8771e943a09799204d117572a63b60b3391be80e36914e1168fec

Observation e75772de-3350-4b6f-a485-307971c7f132 · outbound

This paper cites EfficientExtractionofTechnicalRequirementsApplying Data Augmentation.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models EfficientExtractionofTechnicalRequirementsApplying Data Augmentation

Reference 6

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.380849Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.380849Z digest=sha256:d0ea199d1e427f0c6c8868644abae85bd3d87c38b48256a8c9b6c16bf19a7de2

Observation 8ddeb7a6-2b10-48c1-91e6-d035fcb86e34 · outbound

This paper cites Language Models are Few-Shot Learners.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Language Models are Few-Shot Learners

Reference 7

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.385094Z digest=sha256:17003f01a59778bde152176d10ba0413aa1d4c888739df374a60329ade1a491d

Observation 184410ce-009f-4dec-a59e-565476263203 · outbound

This paper cites Few-shot fine-tuning vs. in-context learning: A fair comparison and evaluation.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Few-shot fine-tuning vs. in-context learning: A fair comparison and evaluation

Reference 8

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:13.067492Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.388849Z digest=sha256:6d62db6dc80aa61378820b2de10748339e1de7a71081b9a994748a6060fd1b76

Observation 72b4f816-73d0-4480-bd25-0d1eb917ad86 · outbound

This paper cites Natural Language Processing for Requirements Engineering: A Systematic Mapping Study.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Natural Language Processing for Requirements Engineering: A Systematic Mapping Study

Reference 9

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:13.054777Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.392713Z digest=sha256:a972a03def20a92b958c2ddd913917d4a3680c8811f66518ba46cce38827c23a

Observation e5721dd1-c37e-4b70-af08-e6fa4c9cee40 · outbound

This paper cites Machine learning for requirements engineering (ML4RE): A systematic literature review complemented by practitioners’ voices from Stack Overflow.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Machine learning for requirements engineering (ML4RE): A systematic literature review complemented by practitioners’ voices from Stack Overflow

Reference 10

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:13.042583Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.396463Z digest=sha256:3c5ab81bd1733efa9e532bd2d1c1fa7b724273fc0f060bbf2ff9030949f0d987

Observation c4e0fc2a-c97c-4290-9e32-78a235bdc1c7 · outbound

This paper cites Synthetic Data Generation with Large Language Models for Text Classification: Potential and Limitations.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Synthetic Data Generation with Large Language Models for Text Classification: Potential and Limitations

Reference 11

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:13.030257Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.399886Z digest=sha256:a9f579458fb0d794e091d0e080c4a39c3084bed523f45dc58069a4fdd4d68354

Observation ba2ea137-d2bf-466f-a114-cfb9f57cdeb1 · outbound

This paper cites ChatGPT outperforms crowd workers for text-annotation tasks.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models ChatGPT outperforms crowd workers for text-annotation tasks

Reference 12

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:13.017880Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.404794Z digest=sha256:c52e434e7153ad19627a2a3dfaed0c5a325e7b7694312a1b65f659862e398da1

Observation 447994e4-bca2-45d1-99e4-4788cf74e38a · outbound

This paper cites ZeroGen: Efficient Zero-shot Learning via Dataset Generation.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models ZeroGen: Efficient Zero-shot Learning via Dataset Generation

Reference 13

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.408190Z digest=sha256:f4e82743b4bbcf13d2d72d253956564e22ebb1b897fc0bf7d09ebc357f1b1947

Observation 166ef1c9-c26d-4673-ad75-efa0262ac122 · outbound

This paper cites On LLMs-Driven Synthetic Data Generation, Curation, and Evaluation: A Survey.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models On LLMs-Driven Synthetic Data Generation, Curation, and Evaluation: A Survey

Reference 14

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.412170Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.412170Z digest=sha256:bf4bfd2edb8c1d722ceb172b848d9d1af6f4893542f133bdf8c102588ce41088

Observation d2afb829-6e15-43d1-93dc-724fb719a186 · outbound

This paper cites Which AI Technique Is Better to Classify Requirements? An Experiment with SVM, LSTM, and ChatGPT.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Which AI Technique Is Better to Classify Requirements? An Experiment with SVM, LSTM, and ChatGPT

Reference 15

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verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.569442Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.416493Z digest=sha256:e5c9ca37e97c906e6909002a3bbe8662016a350af76cea1b26e29cd2e7fbf350

Observation 38d78fdb-d4b1-441d-b293-93e1bda8da0f · outbound

This paper cites PATE-GAN: Generating Synthetic Data with Differential Privacy Guarantees.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models PATE-GAN: Generating Synthetic Data with Differential Privacy Guarantees

Reference 16

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:13.006169Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.420294Z digest=sha256:f6fd25f1990af9b07147eb813df6d459134cb6c19a5f9d9200d06fcf72e3ffde

Observation 63eb4a28-6d6b-480c-a4aa-d09b17736daf · outbound

This paper cites Replication in Requirements Engineering: the NLP for RE Case.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Replication in Requirements Engineering: the NLP for RE Case

Reference 17

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verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.553354Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.423705Z digest=sha256:f187291e506e7e99ec7105064518745b431559f6316329968242804dc9145a6d

Observation 20cdd47f-a35c-40c9-a409-b0448f696754 · outbound

This paper cites Synthetic Prompting: Generating Chain-of-Thought Demonstrations for Large Language Models.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Synthetic Prompting: Generating Chain-of-Thought Demonstrations for Large Language Models

Reference 18

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.427599Z digest=sha256:d9527205c8bb70704873311e74e03e7dbe11f88b31ddce2aba00a556ca2456d2

Observation e777a550-3f60-40b7-83f3-45069cc3cb32 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Model as Attributed Training Data Generator: A Tale of Diversity and Bias.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Large Language Model as Attributed Training Data Generator: A Tale of Diversity and Bias

Reference 19

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.993770Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.431531Z digest=sha256:508cb642f221b0db2e0097987739edc6d6c27370d7ec18333b155c1fba30358d

Observation 857a67c9-d211-4a78-8f9b-15119309d76c · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Trans- formers for Language Understanding.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Trans- formers for Language Understanding

Reference 20

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.435088Z digest=sha256:16bef90b238b685dcc91b73faf872d701c46b29a3adfbc8627eccf2002aaf914

Observation fef5b97c-2b82-423e-8137-e2004a4fc2be · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.438921Z digest=sha256:ee9ea8309359d36793a5c4188f7796b263eb5cdd7ba19bd67058764359364c05

Observation de3f6b16-792f-44fd-8b0c-3aaefa86d540 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.970209Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.442472Z digest=sha256:546520a9dfb0602f2381046e8a785ef32eb6fa86144f3abeb3cdb88a819b81d4

Observation b5e8bc7b-9a85-4d08-992b-1453bf729f11 · outbound

This paper cites Software product lines essentials.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Software product lines essentials

Reference 23

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.957285Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.445937Z digest=sha256:b490805b1d73eebde7f841b61d547a0ecfbe807574b0c7727abb672ec4135042

Observation 1b06e5e7-0468-4893-9c21-594d8a0ba268 · outbound

This paper cites Preventing Requirement Defects: An Experiment in Process Improvement.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Preventing Requirement Defects: An Experiment in Process Improvement

Reference 24

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.945312Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.449770Z digest=sha256:d352e2f6b79b69c576087332fbb51af36327391b367719bc393b7bebc06f1561

Observation cfb359b5-5d28-46f2-b6b3-9e796166a780 · outbound

This paper cites Lessons from the Use of Natural Language Inference (NLI) in Requirements Engineering Tasks.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Lessons from the Use of Natural Language Inference (NLI) in Requirements Engineering Tasks

Reference 25

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.931889Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.453292Z digest=sha256:63a7438c7d2d70625957b6685265d05394ee6a77f16aab340182e7476c890776

Observation ced2332b-c5bb-4e1c-840f-b73923bd4c66 · outbound

This paper cites SDP-BB: A Software Defect Prediction Model Using BiLSTM and BERT-Based Se- mantic Features.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models SDP-BB: A Software Defect Prediction Model Using BiLSTM and BERT-Based Se- mantic Features

Reference 26

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.917626Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.456936Z digest=sha256:22722d114abadce50022b4a18a699202ea911e981787bda8f11c42d306cf7945

Observation beb0eea6-df4e-44f2-84fa-e0a29f2e1b67 · outbound

This paper cites Automated Quality Defect Detection in Software Development Documents.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Automated Quality Defect Detection in Software Development Documents

Reference 27

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.904096Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.460472Z digest=sha256:7ef3492f76520a6536b26520477a429755bf61ecc422c6d6d9eecb1e00004557

Observation fa62cd2a-66be-4073-a7b9-39d2adde9183 · outbound

This paper cites Ambiguity in Requirements Specification.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Ambiguity in Requirements Specification

Reference 28

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.891196Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.464487Z digest=sha256:fd7400bf440ce00b7b661dda04bab577985f93387a7549393c82aa9d2682d0d4

Observation 0d1e1319-f67c-42f5-b021-9e51808609b0 · outbound

This paper cites Instruction Tuning with GPT-4.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Instruction Tuning with GPT-4

Reference 29

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.467945Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.467945Z digest=sha256:3ce86f2e393221db5c9bad9d365932ce4bb63a5e576f28ca5caa0c3355bb73aa

Observation f995f775-0bc7-4f7a-806e-29b08416c804 · outbound

This paper cites True Few-Shot Learning with Language Models.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models True Few-Shot Learning with Language Models

Reference 30

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.878613Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.471692Z digest=sha256:9f3e4f2487ecfda427ce27ef279e51745caceb86ba59bbb47978f04faa12d0bc

Observation df6a7186-ef94-4d16-a27b-d20ba27660b8 · outbound

This paper cites Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks.

Synthline: A Product Line Approach for Synthetic Requirements Engineering Data Generation using Large Language Models Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks

Reference 31

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T23:59:12.475245Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-15T23:59:12.475245Z digest=sha256:c14584f147956ae8751f971e852968299f65dfe614b5824537c051016ab5123f

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.