Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-09T14:00:44.701907Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
Causal Language in Observational Studies: Sociocultural Backgrounds and Team Composition
As of 23 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 15 of 15 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.12159.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
Reference resolution
15 of 15 outbound references displayed
- verified exact5
- verified fuzzy5
- unresolved4
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier1
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
Observation d09c787c-3060-4bdb-a9c6-696fd6856a5f · outbound
This paper cites Division of Infectious Diseases.
Causal Language in Observational Studies: Sociocultural Backgrounds and Team Composition Division of Infectious Diseases
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified exact
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T14:00:44.829525Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 922c2e6a-ceab-4ae1-8fc8-1bc592bce1a0 · outbound
This paper cites URL https://journals.
Causal Language in Observational Studies: Sociocultural Backgrounds and Team Composition URL https://journals
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified exact
- doi, observed 2026-08-09T14:00:44.739481Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation ac53416b-3fc1-492e-a1b7-0b6c42b6bc85 · outbound
This paper cites Judea Pearl and Dana Mackenzie.
Causal Language in Observational Studies: Sociocultural Backgrounds and Team Composition Judea Pearl and Dana Mackenzie
Reference 8
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T14:00:45.031982Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation dd777c7a-564b-4152-b135-b9fb4468d6d2 · outbound
This paper cites S2AND: A benchmark and evaluation system for author name disambiguation.
Causal Language in Observational Studies: Sociocultural Backgrounds and Team Composition S2AND: A benchmark and evaluation system for author name disambiguation
Reference 9
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T14:00:45.021876Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation bd3c6eab-0ba9-48a0-acdb-a076844ca084 · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Causal Language in Observational Studies: Sociocultural Backgrounds and Team Composition Unresolved cited work
Reference 13
- Resolution
- unresolved
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T14:00:44.997831Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation b0ddf7b6-90db-4625-88fe-9743bffe976c · outbound
This paper cites an unresolved cited work.
Causal Language in Observational Studies: Sociocultural Backgrounds and Team Composition Unresolved cited work
Reference 14
- Resolution
- verified exact
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T14:00:44.975132Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation c7b647a1-01f6-4337-80fe-b4b533ac1006 · outbound
This paper cites In our model, the dependent variable indicates whether the conclusion subsection of an article’s structured abstract contains at least one sentence with a causal claim.
Causal Language in Observational Studies: Sociocultural Backgrounds and Team Composition In our model, the dependent variable indicates whether the conclusion subsection of an article’s structured abstract contains at least one sentence with a causal claim
Reference 16
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T14:00:44.986013Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 0a0e265e-83ff-47df-b191-7236d7811b5e · outbound
This paper cites Miguel A Hernán.
Causal Language in Observational Studies: Sociocultural Backgrounds and Team Composition Miguel A Hernán
Reference 1988
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T14:00:44.652679Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 48ba8369-6285-453e-9323-c8d3ceb4293f · outbound
This paper cites Eva Thue V old.
Causal Language in Observational Studies: Sociocultural Backgrounds and Team Composition Eva Thue V old
Reference 1995
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T14:00:45.009802Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation bb2980bb-a582-4593-a485-6fce75a5fb8c · outbound
This paper cites Jun Wang.
Causal Language in Observational Studies: Sociocultural Backgrounds and Team Composition Jun Wang
Reference 2006
- Resolution
- malformed identifier
- doi_truncated, observed 2026-08-09T14:00:44.908917Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation d980790e-071f-4b5b-b09a-d1cc058d8a42 · outbound
This paper cites Campbell Leaper and Rachael D.
Causal Language in Observational Studies: Sociocultural Backgrounds and Team Composition Campbell Leaper and Rachael D
Reference 2011
- Resolution
- verified exact
- doi, observed 2026-08-09T14:00:44.749605Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 0cea1eee-329c-498a-839b-4f139f238bf4 · outbound
This paper cites Charles Bazerman.
Causal Language in Observational Studies: Sociocultural Backgrounds and Team Composition Charles Bazerman
Reference 2014
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T14:00:44.648224Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 690ea19a-c41d-4b51-a1f2-258ed06ae969 · outbound
This paper cites An NLP Analysis of Exaggerated Claims in Science News.
Causal Language in Observational Studies: Sociocultural Backgrounds and Team Composition An NLP Analysis of Exaggerated Claims in Science News
Reference 2019
- Resolution
- verified fuzzy
- raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-09T14:00:45.042118Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Observation 9d7fbcf3-9aaf-45b7-9ed1-a7b44d9f0c75 · outbound
This paper cites URL https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/36/4/1234/5566506.
Causal Language in Observational Studies: Sociocultural Backgrounds and Team Composition URL https://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article/36/4/1234/5566506
Reference 2020
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T14:00:44.664054Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1f7b97a1-4496-4f36-9b94-704b875cf24a · outbound
This paper cites Citation Sentiment Reflects Multiscale Sociocultural Norms.
Causal Language in Observational Studies: Sociocultural Backgrounds and Team Composition Citation Sentiment Reflects Multiscale Sociocultural Norms
Reference 2024
- Resolution
- verified exact
- local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-09T14:00:44.844644Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.
Pith citing papers
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.