Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 23 of 23 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2510.00809.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2510.00809 v3

Coverage vector

measured 23 of 23 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:10.074829Z

measured 25 of 25 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-02T15:40:46.345163Z

measured 1 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Reference resolution

23 of 23 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved23
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

0
arxiv_reference, observed 2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z

Outbound references

Observation bbe2f3fb-cbd3-4000-9ddf-6785fb67971f · outbound

This paper cites Language models are unsupervised multitask learners.OpenAI Blog, 1(8):9, 2019.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting Language models are unsupervised multitask learners.OpenAI Blog, 1(8):9, 2019

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:07.693386Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6c228c21-5fa6-4427-ba3d-42ef8adffaba · outbound

This paper cites Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:07.857794Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 15d9661d-a337-4fdc-a5b7-02e1e682ca31 · outbound

This paper cites Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:07.920953Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 467e084e-0e63-4f34-9988-c16dfd54c0c4 · outbound

This paper cites CoCa: Contrastive Captioners are Image-Text Foundation Models.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting CoCa: Contrastive Captioners are Image-Text Foundation Models

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:07.991358Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eee48fef-49e3-4568-988c-a1b36bd1410d · outbound

This paper cites Foundation models: A new paradigm for artificial intelligence.Business & Information Systems Engineering, 66(2):221–231, 2024.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting Foundation models: A new paradigm for artificial intelligence.Business & Information Systems Engineering, 66(2):221–231, 2024

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:08.068082Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4a68239a-8509-4f66-a8ad-270a8f5e35fc · outbound

This paper cites Effect of model and pretraining scale on catastrophic forgetting in neural networks.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting Effect of model and pretraining scale on catastrophic forgetting in neural networks

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:08.178465Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 42806fc2-285b-4d12-9c78-ea6eab8a6046 · outbound

This paper cites An Empirical Study of Catastrophic Forgetting in Large Language Models During Continual Fine-tuning.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting An Empirical Study of Catastrophic Forgetting in Large Language Models During Continual Fine-tuning

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:08.291489Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 65f580da-ea13-4c1c-b467-67c3fd8a5494 · outbound

This paper cites Catastrophic Forgetting in LLMs: A Comparative Analysis Across Language Tasks.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting Catastrophic Forgetting in LLMs: A Comparative Analysis Across Language Tasks

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:08.408667Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3b773a3f-8a38-45a8-9353-93a35702f1e0 · outbound

This paper cites A decoder-only foundation model for time-series forecasting.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting A decoder-only foundation model for time-series forecasting

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:08.489561Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bd76e878-42e6-43d7-b768-911abd056197 · outbound

This paper cites Attention is all you need.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting Attention is all you need

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:08.591059Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cab70a6c-a31f-433f-af7a-4ea163687293 · outbound

This paper cites Large language models are zero-shot time series forecasters.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting Large language models are zero-shot time series forecasters

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:08.683646Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ca2e8b85-23f2-4946-af09-821ae791428e · outbound

This paper cites Are Transformers Effective for Time Series Forecasting?.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting Are Transformers Effective for Time Series Forecasting?

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:08.856089Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9e12d2ba-7a71-47fd-b471-d1cf1e23fb40 · outbound

This paper cites Informer: Beyond efficient transformer for long sequence time-series forecasting.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting Informer: Beyond efficient transformer for long sequence time-series forecasting

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:08.971594Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ae700d7c-05ce-4e0e-b819-65f0b7ad7e07 · outbound

This paper cites The stability-plasticity dilemma: in- vestigating the continuum from catastrophic forgetting to age-limited learning effects.Frontiers in Psychology, 4:504, 2013.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting The stability-plasticity dilemma: in- vestigating the continuum from catastrophic forgetting to age-limited learning effects.Frontiers in Psychology, 4:504, 2013

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:09.068099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 65126e86-9f28-4e2b-a26e-07b8c213ae71 · outbound

This paper cites Foundation models for time series analysis: A tutorial and survey.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting Foundation models for time series analysis: A tutorial and survey

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:09.174913Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 86641115-cf77-438b-90dc-1c9934cbcf59 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey of Deep Learning and Foundation Models for Time Series Forecasting.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting A Survey of Deep Learning and Foundation Models for Time Series Forecasting

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:09.226605Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 14ac2c0e-190a-4f0f-a57d-df64a42472f3 · outbound

This paper cites TimeGPT-1.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting TimeGPT-1

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:09.322846Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 571db03e-b7cf-4819-ad02-4b8f49552908 · outbound

This paper cites A time series is worth 64 words: Long-term forecasting with transformers.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting A time series is worth 64 words: Long-term forecasting with transformers

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:09.448215Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a5854c46-4fd0-49b2-afa7-d3dad78273ab · outbound

This paper cites FEDformer: Frequency enhanced decomposed transformer for long-term series forecasting.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting FEDformer: Frequency enhanced decomposed transformer for long-term series forecasting

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:09.548083Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2869438a-4bf0-474f-a6e1-f75fc2c83af3 · outbound

This paper cites GIFT-Eval: A Benchmark for General Time Series Forecasting Model Evaluation.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting GIFT-Eval: A Benchmark for General Time Series Forecasting Model Evaluation

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:09.660538Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a28cd21c-849a-4421-8acd-aeac76627858 · outbound

This paper cites OpenTS – A Comprehensive and Fair Benchmark for Time Series An- alytics.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting OpenTS – A Comprehensive and Fair Benchmark for Time Series An- alytics

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:09.802631Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a75aa5e0-eb39-4a3d-a271-423d903239df · outbound

This paper cites Foundation time series arena – benchmarking foundation models for time series.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting Foundation time series arena – benchmarking foundation models for time series

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:09.959613Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b7f82544-23f0-49d2-9820-eef66a99ae5b · outbound

This paper cites Beyond not-forgetting: Continual learning with backward knowledge transfer.

Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting Beyond not-forgetting: Continual learning with backward knowledge transfer

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:23:10.074829Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation e04cb43c-b8bf-464e-8db0-b6663c7a9660 · inbound

FETS Benchmark: Foundation Models Enable Scalable and Generalizable Energy Time Series Forecasting cites this paper.

FETS Benchmark: Foundation Models Enable Scalable and Generalizable Energy Time Series Forecasting Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series Forecasting

Reference 75

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T02:14:22.118744Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation b4f915af-0049-4c4c-9acc-1fb465520282 · inbound

FETS Benchmark: Foundation Models Enable Scalable and Generalizable Energy Time Series Forecasting cites this paper.

Reference 75

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T15:40:46.345163Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.