Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 30 of 30 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.06902.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.06902 v1

Coverage vector

measured 30 of 30 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.891406Z

measured 30 of 30 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

30 of 30 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy8
unresolved20
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation e93009d4-71ff-4aba-a61f-f67d1854627f · outbound

This paper cites FEVEROUS : Fact Extraction and VERification Over Unstructured and Structured information.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification FEVEROUS : Fact Extraction and VERification Over Unstructured and Structured information

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:17.259787Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b6cf1fc3-5778-43ca-90d1-862424cc2785 · outbound

This paper cites Introducing the Model Context Protocol.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification Introducing the Model Context Protocol

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:17.246829Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 6b725eea-4ee0-4a28-b797-3ece32c50019 · outbound

This paper cites LLMs Will Always Hallucinate, and We Need to Live With This.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification LLMs Will Always Hallucinate, and We Need to Live With This

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.788028Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5ef782ca-c838-44f3-b4af-b81c7110c29c · outbound

This paper cites TabFact: A Large-scale Dataset for Table-based Fact Verification.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification TabFact: A Large-scale Dataset for Table-based Fact Verification

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.792416Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 492ec0bc-f813-417a-aa41-8f75cf0d6c3d · outbound

This paper cites Detecting hallucinations in large language models using semantic entropy.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification Detecting hallucinations in large language models using semantic entropy

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.796859Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b7707988-413b-4247-91eb-e4fcc7acb0a4 · outbound

This paper cites Grammar- Constrained Decoding for Structured NLP Tasks without Finetuning.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification Grammar- Constrained Decoding for Structured NLP Tasks without Finetuning

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.800847Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4bf1e51e-fcb3-48fc-8e6e-7e8342d61232 · outbound

This paper cites Hakim, Jeffery L.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification Hakim, Jeffery L

Reference 7

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:17.000256Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation e6fa40bd-e1b1-4faa-802f-8559410445f1 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Verifiable Text Generation with Symbolic References.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification Towards Verifiable Text Generation with Symbolic References

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:17.232744Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 250ac577-23c5-4f38-bb29-ddb3b662d084 · outbound

This paper cites Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.812685Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d18061e7-5ee0-496a-bcee-0076735a78e9 · outbound

This paper cites Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.816521Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6f7fa7ac-f2ab-4092-8fb4-9fdc2a03ea6c · outbound

This paper cites Vempala, and Edwin Zhang.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification Vempala, and Edwin Zhang

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:17.219902Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 87c851e9-2767-48d4-b864-29d774e54042 · outbound

This paper cites Deficiency of Large Language Models in Finance: An Empirical Examination of Hallucination.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification Deficiency of Large Language Models in Finance: An Empirical Examination of Hallucination

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.824337Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7398fee4-edbc-4731-9555-8428ee675d07 · outbound

This paper cites Medical Hallucination in Foundation Models and Their Impact on Healthcare , March 2025.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification Medical Hallucination in Foundation Models and Their Impact on Healthcare , March 2025

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.979053Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation c3286e20-b5c0-429c-8c0f-895c51d1b497 · outbound

This paper cites Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive NLP tasks

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:17.207083Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 49585218-3f48-4806-8294-bdd61c35f07e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.835871Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation decfbb70-8571-474d-9f9f-fb6ce1a7171b · outbound

This paper cites SelfCheckGPT : Zero - Resource Black - Box Hallucination Detection for Generative Large Language Models.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification SelfCheckGPT : Zero - Resource Black - Box Hallucination Detection for Generative Large Language Models

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.839443Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a7fc6d42-1713-4db0-aee2-daf1486991a3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.842981Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 720a0aa6-3b3e-4662-8ebc-ab434ab5aa18 · outbound

This paper cites Attribution, Citation, and Quotation: A Survey of Evidence-based Text Generation with Large Language Models.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification Attribution, Citation, and Quotation: A Survey of Evidence-based Text Generation with Large Language Models

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.846458Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fee816ec-f577-4b53-81e9-9483f7cd2e3c · outbound

This paper cites World Bank Open Data - World Development Indicators ( WDI ), 2025.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification World Bank Open Data - World Development Indicators ( WDI ), 2025

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:17.193585Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 72b0e5bd-3d1c-4ea8-bb1f-7b7d6ff1b290 · outbound

This paper cites FEVER : a Large -scale Dataset for Fact Extraction and VERification.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification FEVER : a Large -scale Dataset for Fact Extraction and VERification

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.853802Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c1e22b22-ca64-4eb3-ac1d-84f04f1a797b · outbound

This paper cites Verifiable Credential Data Integrity 1.0.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification Verifiable Credential Data Integrity 1.0

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:17.180204Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 310d7c68-910a-437e-89f7-a11c78f3f74c · outbound

This paper cites SciFact - Open : Towards open-domain scientific claim verification.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification SciFact - Open : Towards open-domain scientific claim verification

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.861293Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ed8ede89-86e8-475c-9649-c85ba3f25e50 · outbound

This paper cites An automated framework for assessing how well LLMs cite relevant medical references.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification An automated framework for assessing how well LLMs cite relevant medical references

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.864674Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 14143efc-35e6-44ef-a564-35a3f2b77a4a · outbound

This paper cites ClashEval: Quantifying the tug-of-war between an LLM's internal prior and external evidence.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification ClashEval: Quantifying the tug-of-war between an LLM's internal prior and external evidence

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.868259Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b876635e-7b80-484b-9491-7e664e148e4f · outbound

This paper cites Hallucination is Inevitable: An Innate Limitation of Large Language Models.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification Hallucination is Inevitable: An Innate Limitation of Large Language Models

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.872233Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 483cd97f-09c1-46dc-9ad7-2d7b31f6d077 · outbound

This paper cites LongCite : Enabling LLMs to Generate Fine -grained Citations in Long - Context QA.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification LongCite : Enabling LLMs to Generate Fine -grained Citations in Long - Context QA

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.875801Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 19a67755-f479-497f-9e4e-5b1243f4cbd9 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification write newline

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.879303Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9fdfb495-0ad1-447f-8c8b-78121bac5f17 · outbound

This paper cites @esa (Ref.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification @esa (Ref

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.883510Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 51f40417-8933-43fd-b75d-6261d23db0d7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:16.887721Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation baf96d47-68b7-471a-aa25-69576508351f · outbound

This paper cites CID" policy=.

Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification CID" policy=

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-04T22:55:17.140879Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.