Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark

As of 13 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 37 of 37 outbound references and 3 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.04167.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.04167 v1

Coverage vector

measured 37 of 37 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.887481Z

measured 40 of 40 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00

measured 3 of 3 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-09T19:10:53.895829Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-02T07:36:45.092472Z

Reference resolution

37 of 37 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy12
unresolved24
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 5918cccf-0ad5-42f7-bccb-57ac63e54715 · outbound

This paper cites Bowman, Gabor Angeli, Christopher Potts, and Christopher D.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Bowman, Gabor Angeli, Christopher Potts, and Christopher D

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:45.319677Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 8bda7517-7469-4739-b85a-efd8217647d6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:45.308474Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation c138a71c-62d5-4b98-a72c-974d91b2dd2c · outbound

This paper cites FrugalGPT: How to Use Large Language Models While Reducing Cost and Improving Performance.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark FrugalGPT: How to Use Large Language Models While Reducing Cost and Improving Performance

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.759395Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4a13d49d-304f-41ff-8dd6-61c5e61eff50 · outbound

This paper cites Are We on the Right Way for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models?.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Are We on the Right Way for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models?

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.764011Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5af9441d-70bd-45b9-8e2a-245fbdf39bfa · outbound

This paper cites InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Tasks.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Tasks

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.768175Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 300a9d80-a620-4745-a682-afbf4b142de8 · outbound

This paper cites How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suites.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suites

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.772239Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 49bd7a67-d392-4809-9a3a-ebb457219540 · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.776446Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 46973ba0-13ea-483f-9fb8-a6f7c4b8e15b · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional trans- formers for language understanding.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark BERT: Pre-training of deep bidirectional trans- formers for language understanding

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:45.297887Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 9b1b66f1-f573-4387-883f-2b5d7ea17dbf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:45.286850Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 251e6251-3edb-4a45-895b-d212ab8ddfd0 · outbound

This paper cites Switch transformers: Scaling to trillion parameter models with sim- ple and efficient sparsity.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Switch transformers: Scaling to trillion parameter models with sim- ple and efficient sparsity

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.786737Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f44cf830-5d70-4430-a00a-83a783b79263 · outbound

This paper cites GraphRouter: A Graph-based Router for LLM Selections.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark GraphRouter: A Graph-based Router for LLM Selections

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.790065Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7d2c7f86-f692-48bc-90ad-88e32ce9afac · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Mistral 7B

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.793960Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 83b20151-0a60-4161-9e36-0d09ce005a21 · outbound

This paper cites Mixtral of Experts.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Mixtral of Experts

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.797572Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f38e1d18-ea8a-4f50-a6f5-08e89cbf652c · outbound

This paper cites Llm- blender: Ensembling large language models with pairwise ranking and generative fusion.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Llm- blender: Ensembling large language models with pairwise ranking and generative fusion

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:45.269079Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation c2ad3d26-4682-4820-be42-3e443e5f651c · outbound

This paper cites LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfer.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfer

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.807567Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d1c2a2a9-8e0e-450a-8ccf-3d47bbd4bc7f · outbound

This paper cites Visual instruction tuning.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Visual instruction tuning

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.811607Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 30163ee1-b966-4db0-878f-6ad4ffbff5a9 · outbound

This paper cites Routing to the expert: Efficient reward-guided ensemble of large language models.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Routing to the expert: Efficient reward-guided ensemble of large language models

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:45.251573Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation f41923c6-2218-4dd0-984c-fe7463656aa5 · outbound

This paper cites Introducing meta llama 3: The most capable openly available llm to date.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Introducing meta llama 3: The most capable openly available llm to date

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:45.240324Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 6aa33964-d805-41ed-b638-dd026f41b1ae · outbound

This paper cites HDMoLE: Mixture of LoRA Experts with Hierarchical Routing and Dynamic Thresholds for Fine-Tuning LLM-based ASR Models.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark HDMoLE: Mixture of LoRA Experts with Hierarchical Routing and Dynamic Thresholds for Fine-Tuning LLM-based ASR Models

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:45.032782Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 41a0db19-fa56-4907-8bd3-5997f832f642 · outbound

This paper cites RouteLLM: Learning to Route LLMs with Preference Data.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark RouteLLM: Learning to Route LLMs with Preference Data

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.826231Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a315f71f-dfda-430d-8508-d388364cc913 · outbound

This paper cites Smaug: Fixing Failure Modes of Preference Optimisation with DPO-Positive.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Smaug: Fixing Failure Modes of Preference Optimisation with DPO-Positive

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.829980Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fd14d1ac-c238-4def-bfba-e96f2cb59a3b · outbound

This paper cites Rankmean: Module-level importance score for merging fine-tuned llm models.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Rankmean: Module-level importance score for merging fine-tuned llm models

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:45.228684Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 29259c42-0aa6-42b9-8b2c-659fe3e20130 · outbound

This paper cites Language models are unsu- pervised multitask learners.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Language models are unsu- pervised multitask learners

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.836901Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1a7c0214-38a8-4cde-b396-646ba00eb926 · outbound

This paper cites SQuAD: 100,000+ questions for machine com- prehension of text.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark SQuAD: 100,000+ questions for machine com- prehension of text

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:45.209657Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation ec9e755d-e1d5-4068-9cdc-59815756c83e · outbound

This paper cites Winogrande: An adversarial winograd schema challenge at scale.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Winogrande: An adversarial winograd schema challenge at scale

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:45.197741Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 3a97c8e0-0473-4082-9ea9-96e08e198a90 · outbound

This paper cites TensorOpera Router: A Multi-Model Router for Efficient LLM Inference.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark TensorOpera Router: A Multi-Model Router for Efficient LLM Inference

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.846975Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a3c81caf-89ea-482c-97ed-689392b2d579 · outbound

This paper cites Le, Ed H.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Le, Ed H

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:45.185478Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 399cd99d-6be9-48ef-92b2-9ed814f2e2fe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:45.173455Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 36b8d2d7-9556-4a33-b427-44d88b0474f0 · outbound

This paper cites Tjong Kim Sang.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Tjong Kim Sang

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:45.161999Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 38456d1a-12ca-4197-a291-ee410a2bae07 · outbound

This paper cites MMLU-Pro: A More Robust and Challenging Multi-Task Language Understanding Benchmark.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark MMLU-Pro: A More Robust and Challenging Multi-Task Language Understanding Benchmark

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.861907Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f86ffcba-3f6b-486e-be45-73dce2e63e93 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2 Technical Report.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Qwen2 Technical Report

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.865516Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 987caa89-a5c2-4399-91cd-3bbe6a0ad824 · outbound

This paper cites MiniCPM-V: A GPT-4V Level MLLM on Your Phone.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark MiniCPM-V: A GPT-4V Level MLLM on Your Phone

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.869470Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 74bd5c2b-7e7d-4e48-b582-7067b30e6cd3 · outbound

This paper cites Yi: Open Foundation Models by 01.AI.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Yi: Open Foundation Models by 01.AI

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.873313Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b754e5ea-9380-4257-ae67-2b91b05cd8df · outbound

This paper cites Mmmu: A massive multi-discipline multimodal understanding and reasoning benchmark for ex- pert agi.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Mmmu: A massive multi-discipline multimodal understanding and reasoning benchmark for ex- pert agi

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:45.150709Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation 4ca1c7e7-eb2c-4a20-bfb9-f79dcbb931e5 · outbound

This paper cites VCR: A Task for Pixel-Level Complex Reasoning in Vision Language Models via Restoring Occluded Text.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark VCR: A Task for Pixel-Level Complex Reasoning in Vision Language Models via Restoring Occluded Text

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.880206Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 92e29c45-89ae-4a8b-ae0d-984f0edb2b70 · outbound

This paper cites Eagle: Efficient Training-Free Router for Multi-LLM Inference.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Eagle: Efficient Training-Free Router for Multi-LLM Inference

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:44.883992Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 33e25254-ac92-4551-873e-4199fc70a3b3 · outbound

This paper cites Minigpt-4: Enhancing vision-language understanding with advanced large language models.

Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark Minigpt-4: Enhancing vision-language understanding with advanced large language models

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:46:45.139155Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation bda5256c-2560-4ab1-871a-59c8ccb574ed · inbound

Doing More with Less: A Survey on Routing Strategies for Resource Optimisation in Large Language Model-Based Systems cites this paper.

Doing More with Less: A Survey on Routing Strategies for Resource Optimisation in Large Language Model-Based Systems Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark

Reference 99

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-09T19:10:53.895829Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6dedef51-0fbf-4685-a435-0cbb76324400 · inbound

Harnessing Multiple Large Language Models: A Survey on LLM Ensemble cites this paper.

Harnessing Multiple Large Language Models: A Survey on LLM Ensemble Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark

Reference 55

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-23T02:25:19.649790Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.

Observation ea4f1e90-ebd5-4db5-b0ca-220d192361e8 · inbound

DLLG: Dynamic Logit-Level Gating of LLM Experts cites this paper.

DLLG: Dynamic Logit-Level Gating of LLM Experts Bench-CoE: a Framework for Collaboration of Experts from Benchmark

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T07:36:45.094204Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.