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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models

As of 12 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 54 of 54 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.15374.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.15374 v1

Coverage vector

measured 54 of 54 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.672568Z

measured 54 of 54 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

54 of 54 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy22
  • unresolved31
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation d758307a-aa71-42a8-998e-8f36ca0394e4 · outbound

This paper cites Radford, K.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Radford, K

Reference 1

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 5eb1b570-f2f7-4014-b20e-1b2317744bf4 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 2

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Observation 9c296e87-7a13-4203-9d71-f0f0122f93fd · outbound

This paper cites Opportunities and Challenges in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): A Survey.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Opportunities and Challenges in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): A Survey

Reference 3

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source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.482246Z digest=sha256:3a5ddd714a2e288043c72eb4a5ba9c968bfa85eafa9e573eb450225ddd538d28

Observation dc111f6b-b36a-4516-8b56-2122968a719a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation eb174946-7847-4a56-b26d-7e74f7139400 · outbound

This paper cites Regulation, Regulation (eu) 2016 /679 of the european parliament and of the council, Regulation (eu) 679 (2016) 2016.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Regulation, Regulation (eu) 2016 /679 of the european parliament and of the council, Regulation (eu) 679 (2016) 2016

Reference 5

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

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Observation 2191009f-b675-4347-b5dd-a6b7046bd9d1 · outbound

This paper cites Langer, D.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Langer, D

Reference 6

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

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Observation e80764f4-46ba-4011-b12e-63d63aa6ff32 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 57030743-dd84-460d-a2d8-ba44faa36ee6 · outbound

This paper cites Dwivedi, D.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Dwivedi, D

Reference 8

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

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Observation 480bf745-6649-46f4-ab74-c6f465bb11e8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation f27ef494-14be-4f18-aa2c-e24f8dfd9da7 · outbound

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 5ebf441d-7f11-46e2-b272-f243f8d58454 · outbound

This paper cites Sundararajan, A.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Sundararajan, A

Reference 11

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Observation 15a7fa94-a4d3-42ad-8350-152dba38d3af · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

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Observation 28892d92-2abd-4691-b67e-569c83fcf8d0 · outbound

This paper cites Honnibal, I.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Honnibal, I

Reference 13

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Observation 95ce8699-90c2-450b-9dce-7ecf12653527 · outbound

This paper cites Camburu, T.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Camburu, T

Reference 14

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation a6667b31-6d55-4484-adc5-f840798a37e1 · outbound

This paper cites Hassija, V.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Hassija, V

Reference 15

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

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Observation ccd1cc58-57c5-4739-a3ae-69d62f7ab53b · outbound

This paper cites Pawlicki, A.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Pawlicki, A

Reference 16

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

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Observation 209091cc-70c4-4f52-bcaa-01cababfda09 · outbound

This paper cites ERASER: A Benchmark to Evaluate Rationalized NLP Models.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models ERASER: A Benchmark to Evaluate Rationalized NLP Models

Reference 17

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 57e47b32-476b-4e62-a9cb-fccbd987cc78 · outbound

This paper cites Atanasova, A diagnostic study of explainability techniques for text clas- sification, in: Accountable and Explainable Methods for Complex Rea- soning over Text, Springer, 2024, pp.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Atanasova, A diagnostic study of explainability techniques for text clas- sification, in: Accountable and Explainable Methods for Complex Rea- soning over Text, Springer, 2024, pp

Reference 18

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Observation 6a8098df-3013-45ca-8699-2479c6206b88 · outbound

This paper cites Luk ´as, S.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Luk ´as, S

Reference 19

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation aaada795-e09f-45b9-9053-d0725d77e583 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

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Observation 1609f445-6215-4e00-9f2a-3752652b47c8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

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Observation 2a9ca559-913f-4ac5-8d67-9a5e39954991 · outbound

This paper cites Deep Inside Convolutional Networks: Visualising Image Classification Models and Saliency Maps.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Deep Inside Convolutional Networks: Visualising Image Classification Models and Saliency Maps

Reference 22

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Observation 6b76fab3-d27b-4225-abae-bccff265ec6b · outbound

This paper cites Barkan, E.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Barkan, E

Reference 23

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Observation 1604688b-ef33-439d-9fbd-7a7fbfaa8b85 · outbound

This paper cites Fantozzi, M.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Fantozzi, M

Reference 24

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Observation 5dada34a-bb76-42c0-b7b2-810798ce1d8a · outbound

This paper cites Gradient based Feature Attribution in Explainable AI: A Technical Review.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Gradient based Feature Attribution in Explainable AI: A Technical Review

Reference 25

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 1310dd53-ce68-493a-be23-6cf59617ad05 · outbound

This paper cites Montavon, S.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Montavon, S

Reference 26

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

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Observation dfab5626-8943-458d-bfce-33735baca329 · outbound

This paper cites AttnLRP: Attention-Aware Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation for Transformers.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models AttnLRP: Attention-Aware Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation for Transformers

Reference 27

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation c6e03c09-f940-4e15-8d79-4aca4ada42f7 · outbound

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation c647d272-b8db-4d23-ba94-a90ace0c4653 · outbound

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

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Observation cfc1ad0c-0975-41ca-8ccf-ad2ce70274ec · outbound

This paper cites Karras, S.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Karras, S

Reference 30

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

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Observation cb787664-c0e3-4818-99ff-19ce21ea8818 · outbound

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Kindermans, S

Reference 31

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

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Observation af22fbb7-89b9-4a45-8f68-875a60031ab5 · outbound

This paper cites Wachter, B.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Wachter, B

Reference 32

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

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Observation e9f3e675-ec59-4f1b-84a9-fb93930630b4 · outbound

This paper cites Towards Faithfully Interpretable NLP Systems: How should we define and evaluate faithfulness?.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Towards Faithfully Interpretable NLP Systems: How should we define and evaluate faithfulness?

Reference 33

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation db725120-63a9-4dd3-8841-9fae9ea91684 · outbound

This paper cites Bansal, T.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Bansal, T

Reference 34

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

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Observation 1ce6bba3-74db-450d-9119-0051c8bceb23 · outbound

This paper cites Human-grounded Evaluations of Explanation Methods for Text Classification.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Human-grounded Evaluations of Explanation Methods for Text Classification

Reference 35

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

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Observation 166560c6-5944-4858-98a5-9a43851f4e4c · outbound

This paper cites Arras, A.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Arras, A

Reference 36

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

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Observation 3d1a3c50-3eb5-4966-bfc8-6735d27b9d97 · outbound

This paper cites Arreche, T.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Arreche, T

Reference 37

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.998510Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.607173Z digest=sha256:702047e55848110d2ac128e622a3d4fbbd097bb19ae6e5f5b37a4ef537bf2acf

Observation 5fd0a709-ffe9-436c-862b-35a7a35d0633 · outbound

This paper cites Explainability in Neural Networks for Natural Language Processing Tasks.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Explainability in Neural Networks for Natural Language Processing Tasks

Reference 38

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.610635Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.610635Z digest=sha256:3d40e129b7b2ec248662166ce0aa9985e2fbe64f891215a312af8f94dd870af0

Observation 880a4a05-e762-480f-8233-0e27830b853a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.987272Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.614179Z digest=sha256:9c336900628b87a1de1ee3af3d3af4644fc4951730e5d9ba6e2c80de4259f926

Observation 36214209-ef0f-4f48-8178-242c971001de · outbound

This paper cites Ethio-Fake: Cutting-Edge Approaches to Combat Fake News in Under-Resourced Languages Using Explainable AI.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Ethio-Fake: Cutting-Edge Approaches to Combat Fake News in Under-Resourced Languages Using Explainable AI

Reference 40

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.617633Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.617633Z digest=sha256:4263a11d8e71d611539bb58fbb075f16759855a1b38cca19b4e01380c2f43725

Observation e878f1f6-d3c5-4b14-b7b3-88df04470622 · outbound

This paper cites First Attempt at Building Parallel Corpora for Machine Translation of Northeast India's Very Low-Resource Languages.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models First Attempt at Building Parallel Corpora for Machine Translation of Northeast India's Very Low-Resource Languages

Reference 41

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.621490Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.621490Z digest=sha256:15acdd48422d078dcf9ff25ff44953f8ed3ac8fc10eaaf4df26758c3f05a5a2d

Observation 4fe1af10-60ce-4510-9d1b-4ceb84fcd314 · outbound

This paper cites Nauta, J.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Nauta, J

Reference 42

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.975961Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.625401Z digest=sha256:d9810e686759238d7881bdf765b17c04359ae794ec0ce3e839bf878bd5201326

Observation c22d9c29-75c3-4b86-8b31-95226503dd1a · outbound

This paper cites Mersha, K.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Mersha, K

Reference 43

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.629086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.629086Z digest=sha256:641d172a6ecfb74ae457a1cb8052f9c8951eb52ea53c887a17df9dc31b358e46

Observation 156a04fb-9dce-449e-9fdc-aea17ad8d921 · outbound

This paper cites Rosenfeld, Better metrics for evaluating explainable artificial intelli- gence (2021).

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Rosenfeld, Better metrics for evaluating explainable artificial intelli- gence (2021)

Reference 44

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.957044Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.633256Z digest=sha256:b2c2277f07e6ecbe89d5c72c07eea6fc242e41e60124a7b0bdae11bc93036dfb

Observation 98dad8fd-edf6-4e91-bd11-c88b486e0290 · outbound

This paper cites Nogueira, K.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Nogueira, K

Reference 45

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.945245Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.637360Z digest=sha256:c917c69582a7cb7ffa413963e16a43d00f3a3704428be30112798ef3c57c70d7

Observation 6fb92362-5a05-4d4d-930b-ab1b735042e9 · outbound

This paper cites Huang, A.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Huang, A

Reference 46

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.932882Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.641099Z digest=sha256:36e5606016de78cd4848c5cd753ef99146efd2aca31c2eb3354085abad63f5d4

Observation dc8f9c07-e1f9-421f-b985-01a2dfc67f3e · outbound

This paper cites Spearman, The proof and measurement of association between two things.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Spearman, The proof and measurement of association between two things

Reference 47

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.920929Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.644554Z digest=sha256:12d3f5a5fe94601e787839f697d2be49fa3d03117924b828a526f962d086e6e9

Observation 2d9903a7-a24b-4f53-a814-de165fbd1c07 · outbound

This paper cites Stepin, J.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Stepin, J

Reference 48

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.909130Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.648148Z digest=sha256:c5be80c64ec87076c02976c437a463f5d33faec9758e6766065d0cd34bb394b4

Observation 8f72ca0b-d853-47ff-9ae4-216856a9fa8a · outbound

This paper cites Kullback, R.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Kullback, R

Reference 49

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.652138Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.652138Z digest=sha256:4e4b9db1a1ff57b73b98f0eed543a22ab8f9e8e115cc746de98d3e2235c4969f

Observation b3a80fe3-fe87-47a6-8b4d-863cc6161d63 · outbound

This paper cites TinyBERT: Distilling BERT for Natural Language Understanding.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models TinyBERT: Distilling BERT for Natural Language Understanding

Reference 50

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.655719Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.655719Z digest=sha256:2bf17e2e2cd1400aebf2d861731873b350aa6b171313081f0e975e681808d3ff

Observation 7130c34f-1887-4f89-945a-4fa44bce5151 · outbound

This paper cites Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale

Reference 51

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.659765Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.659765Z digest=sha256:47e677b22dbbb03c3add60f5b4458e68e9e9ddc2d4595af8b1be7f88c772b929

Observation 9c1f6abd-a84d-4fff-9964-94f34418b83a · outbound

This paper cites DeBERTa: Decoding-enhanced BERT with Disentangled Attention.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models DeBERTa: Decoding-enhanced BERT with Disentangled Attention

Reference 52

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.664189Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.664189Z digest=sha256:ca5bfc35030ce7439f5c381b3a64c20ab65af07a7a91dedab307681e55f54f93

Observation 42d96b62-a0fb-4ade-8d70-0dc2ab878ed4 · outbound

This paper cites Learning how to explain neural networks: PatternNet and PatternAttribution.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models Learning how to explain neural networks: PatternNet and PatternAttribution

Reference 53

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.668292Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.668292Z digest=sha256:7cf4bf15f30c74af028a67a3abdd1e2aa076f1269842da0242637765441bc562

Observation 439594a5-9164-4c10-8ab6-e134a637c127 · outbound

This paper cites fantastic.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of XAI Techniques for Encoder-Based Language Models fantastic

Reference 54

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-10T14:25:18.890318Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-11T06:34:44.6726+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-10T14:25:18.672568Z digest=sha256:d3e4f2b86fada6a7b99845cdde4d01c5e2c807bf1e3920b342cb9856fbda8b03

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.