Pith. sign in

Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 38 of 38 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.06655.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
1908.06655 v1

Coverage vector

measured 38 of 38 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:53.911916Z

measured 38 of 38 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

38 of 38 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy18
  • unresolved19
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier1
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation d02b5fac-cfa5-4428-b718-93cfca696a17 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.271776Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.790543Z digest=sha256:b40ef53bc3bbac585a7d4c2e213b53f6319c070007d526792695ba4178e24087

Observation a72723de-ed67-48f4-8829-8deaafdf6e1a · outbound

This paper cites (31) The associated error is ϵΣ 2.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm (31) The associated error is ϵΣ 2

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.294452Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.784075Z digest=sha256:b958b2823237fbd55470e640a95f39bf518568ce281b9e89a4c167a3fa009252

Observation cd28b44a-5783-466e-b454-d2670b68fdde · outbound

This paper cites To this end, we exploit the quantum random access memory (QRAM) introduced in Refs.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm To this end, we exploit the quantum random access memory (QRAM) introduced in Refs

Reference 3

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.248739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.796655Z digest=sha256:2baa62d005f5b5a3bcac540145bc9dde3580e43ef261d86a4ed3520a3a3d2360

Observation ba842db7-02fa-4e9b-afec-511b46f56f6b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution
malformed identifier
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.282071Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.787393Z digest=sha256:93cc35ff1fc5c033ecda9d3f0991fe877c3456f7add60269487b3ed6446aac46

Observation c79d00c9-83ef-40fb-9f14-26d90e358f51 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.259240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.793509Z digest=sha256:ccd5f3a9a24b7c9a603d18288ceaedc582f6496e3cc9100e576233aecd81476b

Observation f5791ed3-c70b-4fc7-99af-801e3be66235 · outbound

This paper cites Rebentrost, M.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Rebentrost, M

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.201823Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.823279Z digest=sha256:394d402df6027f8f21b082b8c8d4bde5b4f23aa76f6a0511b07fd7c12575fd5c

Observation 2bc5eca0-47c8-49be-9f0e-670a9bbcb044 · outbound

This paper cites LetM∈ Rd×d that satisfies‖M‖2 = 1 and x∈ Rd.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm LetM∈ Rd×d that satisfies‖M‖2 = 1 and x∈ Rd

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.236183Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.800659Z digest=sha256:c59f88be8ed72cc5f0836133d302a595db39996c9d24d7294989c8c6427467a4

Observation 1a8e44b6-a33d-449c-8bf9-7238c3aaac34 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:53.804170Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.804170Z digest=sha256:11c52e886373904d0419bc66d671b38bf9219ee0f6d95acd33bcc96fbd8dd0da

Observation 8766a2d2-384f-4b98-8620-1cc5a3530190 · outbound

This paper cites Quantum computation and quantum information,.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Quantum computation and quantum information,

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:53.807287Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.807287Z digest=sha256:4c3a287c5e104045bfc914f82873c214b0a7704e82af0eed2a6288a604b927bb

Observation 946bef73-00dc-4579-8ae2-83e4c9d018b7 · outbound

This paper cites Biamonte, P.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Biamonte, P

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:53.811565Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.811565Z digest=sha256:1f1c5ff460596e562be5831930e857ea4be29f495e78d53ffd071f6d9096d401

Observation 2a11006a-5f13-45d7-b5fa-7b44781f2357 · outbound

This paper cites (18), we get |Φi,k⟩ such that ‖| Φi,k⟩−| 0⟩⊗L|˜pi,k⟩‖ 2≤ √ 2∆.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm (18), we get |Φi,k⟩ such that ‖| Φi,k⟩−| 0⟩⊗L|˜pi,k⟩‖ 2≤ √ 2∆

Reference 11

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.306120Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.779494Z digest=sha256:8bb6db9568f3e0fbf3734f0998dc46a050047b31f60a7725906cc92f852fffef

Observation a06cfabc-37a8-4e31-9d3a-dd9b7b7aef23 · outbound

This paper cites Quantum algorithms for supervised and unsupervised machine learning.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Quantum algorithms for supervised and unsupervised machine learning

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:53.815234Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.815234Z digest=sha256:6da5be49b3ac9956d923791c0604a02fabdab75c4357665c50e5ddf1302ecb52

Observation e3ffdf90-3db9-4d9c-beb6-ad54d9d73558 · outbound

This paper cites Schuld, I.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Schuld, I

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:53.819285Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.819285Z digest=sha256:835620cf703a27e42e4fc9503f3b0e4dd94c199c0e3c7bf2943cfad72d7d8847

Observation 098d2881-aa87-4b1a-a63e-965cd825cc54 · outbound

This paper cites Quantum Algorithms for Nearest-Neighbor Methods for Supervised and Unsupervised Learning.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Quantum Algorithms for Nearest-Neighbor Methods for Supervised and Unsupervised Learning

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:53.828106Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.828106Z digest=sha256:37e0f91b7ba08ae7be2dedbb9c0822455b13cb055921152a87e2131a9c392d58

Observation 1cb536e5-7bfa-401e-b4d4-83e69cc5f463 · outbound

This paper cites Dunjko, J.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Dunjko, J

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.191557Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.832449Z digest=sha256:b4a93f1a5341c745cd47c60e52b5b7c5cc39c53c9a963fe818528f238af7ebb9

Observation 3bf402d1-871b-489f-8982-52752c4e3de5 · outbound

This paper cites Pattern recognition and machine learning (information science and statistics), 1st edn. 2006. corr. 2nd printing edn,.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Pattern recognition and machine learning (information science and statistics), 1st edn. 2006. corr. 2nd printing edn,

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.181402Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.835951Z digest=sha256:7fe78d7bcaf8b8e078733b6474abdca070fb4e969a2fed5ee9a030465f57e73d

Observation 09001ca5-b81f-4a9a-857f-c2917c9e03e6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:53.839421Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.839421Z digest=sha256:e841a974f1fb57fad601a5629be3ee1cab4a5b5b2de8cd8f4e3334103668fe54

Observation 05e65cff-f46e-428d-b6cf-f7b2d617de2d · outbound

This paper cites q-means: A quantum algorithm for unsupervised machine learning.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm q-means: A quantum algorithm for unsupervised machine learning

Reference 18

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:53.842470Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.842470Z digest=sha256:055cba43f671e1f5905cdf010ce757c634379c5daccf45971a9aa84951ee4334

Observation 79c5fade-f2d4-488f-a578-e8bf8e6b5c34 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.162221Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.845545Z digest=sha256:6731db65409aeff243713e80c5a3115c380d2b91a44283094ee59e3ddfd1dbfc

Observation 59f9b5af-536a-4a26-b814-1fcdf6d8c5e0 · outbound

This paper cites Miyahara and K.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Miyahara and K

Reference 20

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.148993Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.848688Z digest=sha256:4031fa84d008d5d624415732161759a673842cedd929b33694e280b6e78d259f

Observation 704f38b6-9ba5-4161-8e25-876c09fd6806 · outbound

This paper cites Miyahara, K.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Miyahara, K

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.137739Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.851811Z digest=sha256:714faf6d84d70289e1f12e12af602be038e45449e6bdc01c3e5726fbc1270716

Observation 6ff24db8-fbbc-413d-907b-32d4d1462362 · outbound

This paper cites Miyahara, K.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Miyahara, K

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.126426Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.855451Z digest=sha256:ef6207e63b2e554c975fac1d7eacccc838900130dbbd450df7d6c815d92313f9

Observation 9bd7efde-469d-444e-aa63-af65975396e7 · outbound

This paper cites Miyahara and Y.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Miyahara and Y

Reference 23

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.114563Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.859257Z digest=sha256:9f2d66524aacd0e1b9e5c912685ff1fd97a689853992c0d96cc0d8d60ad27b85

Observation da71dc55-78bc-4b66-a1a5-fcac211e242c · outbound

This paper cites Kerenidis, A.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Kerenidis, A

Reference 24

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.103807Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.862766Z digest=sha256:648a46d58c70d6538b26617b2488c93433f2836efb1bdcf337669b53db0f837d

Observation 0d4c01c2-4cca-4530-a420-ccc4e9f6838c · outbound

This paper cites Brassard, P.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Brassard, P

Reference 25

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:53.866792Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.866792Z digest=sha256:2c5cfac98642993bd05f4b2395e3b2b47400b78a462e9fd0a13ca95c3905ada4

Observation ff22a11f-5469-4d1a-91c2-491da826cf88 · outbound

This paper cites [7], and it is called median evaluation in Ref.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm [7], and it is called median evaluation in Ref

Reference 26

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.087718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.870423Z digest=sha256:4ecc2a5fec90967b87690f94d186a55010d31861bf0c47cd77a76a7ca8371abd

Observation 48477854-2625-4a2b-94b2-6e360bb72b68 · outbound

This paper cites The power of block-encoded matrix powers: improved regression techniques via faster Hamiltonian simulation.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm The power of block-encoded matrix powers: improved regression techniques via faster Hamiltonian simulation

Reference 27

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:53.874020Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.874020Z digest=sha256:87f45dc5fc64a4248be881c36d1f323e39b3622e83fc2177d156c5c43271e1b2

Observation 3ec29dfc-4db3-4c70-b98c-7f258b4d85d5 · outbound

This paper cites Quantum classification of the MNIST dataset with Slow Feature Analysis.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Quantum classification of the MNIST dataset with Slow Feature Analysis

Reference 28

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:53.878797Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.878797Z digest=sha256:c09043763ffe753a245ba982d88f695a778e8d06b2936156fe99e7151ce173a5

Observation 7d4eaf67-585d-4e05-b046-30bddb5e1b0c · outbound

This paper cites Hoeffding, in The Collected Works of Wassily Hoeffd- ing (Springer, 1994) pp.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Hoeffding, in The Collected Works of Wassily Hoeffd- ing (Springer, 1994) pp

Reference 29

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.077759Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.882431Z digest=sha256:11d0c94f9a5251cfa7f47ff98de0b6b1e7449ceee837ef8e17f7c908af69c1cb

Observation fa4d3811-da64-4230-9bba-da81a198a2be · outbound

This paper cites Cornell and S.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Cornell and S

Reference 30

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.065419Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.885448Z digest=sha256:85acd5cea600da7024f749d4061d8827d598e4b8139a530df5f8f89a4f406a16

Observation c24d25da-7ac4-485b-a6e7-f629d4e42815 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.053393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.888348Z digest=sha256:7efb812dcffb2149945426710ca0e4eb514647068d33066ff44e1d9940d10884

Observation c7b8d94c-2818-4474-b1e1-e5b21032a19b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.041430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.891845Z digest=sha256:7ea040351f3f3abf61732763ffd5cf90fa115a7a1f42f4a9bc8d8282008dbaaa

Observation eedc41e6-836a-430e-9c5b-cde1d97b961c · outbound

This paper cites Note that the GMM has the symme- try on swapping the indices; then, we use the maximum value on swapping.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Note that the GMM has the symme- try on swapping the indices; then, we use the maximum value on swapping

Reference 33

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.031269Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.894869Z digest=sha256:4a750bad67b822a3571c9bf5171a8d720e215164ffab3a3bcaa8c959effbccd8

Observation 98cd5226-e91c-4caa-b5d4-c920ceebf2e1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.019336Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.898639Z digest=sha256:6c2caf6b8b04b666823b22046f12fcfb3b98730e178bb61695fff0f58ecb4264

Observation 74d08e94-f09e-4873-87e2-ff87c46a1919 · outbound

This paper cites Dlaska, L.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Dlaska, L

Reference 35

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:54.008845Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.901663Z digest=sha256:5c7ae24de53a5019d6384eaeab929f60ac9e3d8bcdc2e114c4984436a5770384

Observation 1f979a66-19ee-4168-a8de-d14e463b8bb6 · outbound

This paper cites Amplitude estimation without phase estimation.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Amplitude estimation without phase estimation

Reference 36

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:53.904951Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.904951Z digest=sha256:9c5beee556f338608d4374ee3e23c339fa1168fccd7efd7f0aea49a0f49ff6b0

Observation fda8b340-32e1-4885-ab4f-e3731b67c74f · outbound

This paper cites Giovannetti, S.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Giovannetti, S

Reference 37

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:53.997824Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.908979Z digest=sha256:e5b2bcfd27aedaab60b69b1aa30f7da6a1d6225e575288c7fa768cf5e41eb027

Observation 5c55702d-ae4f-4ed3-8fb9-1db0224de765 · outbound

This paper cites Giovannetti, S.

Quantum Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Giovannetti, S

Reference 38

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T12:43:53.911916Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T12:43:53.911916Z digest=sha256:0bbbb791e68612b6f69d92881c617181fcd184ac23a72da96ee499d6ba872b47

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.