Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 21 of 21 outbound references and 5 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2504.17052.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2504.17052 v4

Coverage vector

measured 21 of 21 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.433154Z

measured 26 of 26 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 5 of 5 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.339837Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-01T00:35:10.089767Z

Reference resolution

21 of 21 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy8
unresolved11
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier2
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 1f95fb63-c023-46bb-9d64-3ba39c2a48a0 · outbound

This paper cites PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.339837Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation baf318b0-f26c-4685-8b2a-6c6e8760a35f · outbound

This paper cites PReSS introduces a four- class stance taxonomy (stable-left,unstable- left,stable-right,unstable-right) to reveal nu- anced ideological behaviors beyond binary left/right labels.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs PReSS introduces a four- class stance taxonomy (stable-left,unstable- left,stable-right,unstable-right) to reveal nu- anced ideological behaviors beyond binary left/right labels

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.821784Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 031feeb1-827f-4794-9de9-c3a376bb0e28 · outbound

This paper cites Even within the same overall leaning, models exhibit diverse stable and unstable topic stances.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs Even within the same overall leaning, models exhibit diverse stable and unstable topic stances

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.807675Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation f708d68c-948a-4b34-8bb6-3a8781941209 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.793900Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 8e16a693-0cf8-4938-af84-8dc3742860c9 · outbound

This paper cites It pro- vides an empirical lens on how language reflects and shapes ideology, and it supports analyses of polarization, framing, and representational fair- ness.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs It pro- vides an empirical lens on how language reflects and shapes ideology, and it supports analyses of polarization, framing, and representational fair- ness

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.780370Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 531c2e36-063a-4a00-b7c0-f50843533fd3 · outbound

This paper cites From Each Ability.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs From Each Ability

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.765520Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 95ec11df-205e-4af9-93f1-6c7b3bf2b43f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.751876Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation b474fcab-663f-4e7e-8f46-731b459268a0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.737985Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 366637ac-4fe6-415d-be9a-db7678e672dd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.723128Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 1430a2e5-4241-4229-bcb8-be2a1a76da0b · outbound

This paper cites We use these stages to quantify not only the ide- ological direction but also the stability of stance ex- pression under varying argumentative conditions.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs We use these stages to quantify not only the ide- ological direction but also the stability of stance ex- pression under varying argumentative conditions

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.707905Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation dca40cd0-d0dd-4083-abbf-f7c6fdb32a6d · outbound

This paper cites Left and right-leaning candidates are shown in different colors.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs Left and right-leaning candidates are shown in different colors

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.693631Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 1a287da6-f341-4067-b431-70ed30570283 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.679635Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 2c3b312e-db87-4f48-be5f-fddc7ab4c29d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.664660Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation f3b87b10-c882-4d11-baee-ae3897e14206 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.634469Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation d8775108-84bc-48f9-b60b-6e5061c929f5 · outbound

This paper cites Firstly, the analy- sis covers only 19 topics curated from the Political Compass test because it offered a well-structured set of statements.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs Firstly, the analy- sis covers only 19 topics curated from the Political Compass test because it offered a well-structured set of statements

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.620406Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 8c2ca7e1-60ef-4533-a4d2-5eb1b2e1dd8a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.605540Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 4b7cc80a-f6cf-4273-b6f9-e0181e76f752 · outbound

This paper cites Michael Laver and John Garry.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs Michael Laver and John Garry

Reference 2003

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.590348Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation e5bdb415-fb44-4491-8f63-720f41ea5f2f · outbound

This paper cites from each according to his ability, to each according to his need.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs from each according to his ability, to each according to his need

Reference 2017

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.433154Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 879a2ea7-953d-401d-bbc0-cf19d228915d · outbound

This paper cites BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehension.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehension

Reference 2019

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.428193Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e5d597fd-5f4f-4485-bb7b-f0fb74b590f5 · outbound

This paper cites However, we find that they are significantly more resilient on topics with stable stances.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs However, we find that they are significantly more resilient on topics with stable stances

Reference 2024

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.648705Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation fc485f72-5928-4616-bbe7-93382edb5293 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models are often politically extreme, usually ideologically inconsistent, and persuasive even in informational contexts.

PReSS: An Automated Black-Box Framework for Evaluating Political Stance Stability in LLMs Large Language Models are often politically extreme, usually ideologically inconsistent, and persuasive even in informational contexts

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T10:56:47.419272Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 1f95fb63-c023-46bb-9d64-3ba39c2a48a0 · inbound