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Observation of four-top-quark production in the multilepton final state with the ATLAS detector
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abstract
This paper presents the observation of four-top-quark ($t\bar{t}t\bar{t}$) production in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The analysis is performed using an integrated luminosity of 140 fb$^{-1}$ at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected using the ATLAS detector. Events containing two leptons with the same electric charge or at least three leptons (electrons or muons) are selected. Event kinematics are used to separate signal from background through a multivariate discriminant, and dedicated control regions are used to constrain the dominant backgrounds. The observed (expected) significance of the measured $t\bar{t}t\bar{t}$ signal with respect to the standard model (SM) background-only hypothesis is 6.1 (4.3) standard deviations. The $t\bar{t}t\bar{t}$ production cross section is measured to be $22.5^{+6.6}_{-5.5}$ fb, consistent with the SM prediction of $12.0 \pm 2.4$ fb within 1.8 standard deviations. Data are also used to set limits on the three-top-quark production cross section, being an irreducible background not measured previously, and to constrain the top-Higgs Yukawa coupling and effective field theory operator coefficients that affect $t\bar{t}t\bar{t}$ production.
Forward citations
Cited by 5 Pith papers
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Benchmarking Machine Learning Architectures for ttH Multilepton Signal Sensitivity
A controlled benchmark of six ML classifiers on a new simulated ttH multilepton dataset finds symmetry-constrained graph models (Particle Transformer, LorentzNet) and azimuthal RoPE encoding outperform tabular baselines.
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A search for electroweak $t\bar{t}Wj$ production in multileptonic final states at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector and bounds on effective field theory operators
First search for electroweak ttWj production at 13 TeV sets observed (expected) 95% CL upper limits of 251 fb (230 fb) versus the SM prediction of 47.7 fb and constrains the O_Ht and O_HQ^(1) EFT operators.
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Phenomenology of a Kinetic Higgs Portal
A momentum-dependent Higgs portal can hide invisible decays, make four-top production the most sensitive probe, and open a dark-matter region immune to direct detection.
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Precision tests of third-generation four-quark operators: $gg \to h$ and $h \to \gamma \gamma$
Two-loop SMEFT corrections from third-generation four-quark operators to gg to h and h to gamma gamma are computed with full mass dependence, including new two-loop anomalous dimensions.
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Measurement of the Higgs boson production in association with top quarks in multilepton final states in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS measures the ttH cross-section at 0.63+0.20−0.19 of the Standard Model prediction (3.3σ observed, 5.3σ expected) and excludes top-Higgs CP-mixing angles |α|>62° at 68% confidence.
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