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Lensing of gravitational waves: universal signatures in the beating pattern

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arxiv 2112.10773 v2 pith:VMCGFM7N submitted 2021-12-20 gr-qc astro-ph.CO

Oleg Bulashenko , Helena Ubach This is my paper · ORCID
classification gr-qcastro-ph.CO
keywords causticgravitationallenslensingnearopticsangularbeating
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When gravitational waves propagate near massive objects, their paths curve resulting in gravitational lensing, which is expected to be a promising new instrument in astrophysics. If the time delay between different paths is comparable with the wave period, lensing may induce beating patterns in the waveform, and it is very close to caustics that these effects are likely to be observable. Near the caustic, however, the short-wave asymptotics associated with the geometrical optics approximation breaks down. In order to describe properly the crossover from wave optics to geometrical optics regimes, along with the Fresnel number, which is the ratio between the Schwarzschild diameter of the lens and the wavelength, one has to include another parameter - namely, the angular position of the source with respect to the caustic. By considering the point mass lens model, we show that in the two-dimensional parameter space, the nodal and antinodal lines for the transmission factor closely follow hyperbolas in a wide range of values near the caustic. This allows us to suggest a simple formula for the onset of geometrical-optics oscillations which relates the Fresnel number with the angular position of the source in units of the Einstein angle. We find that the mass of the lens can be inferred from the analysis of the interference fringes of a specific lensed waveform.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Identifying lensed gravitational waves with physics-informed posterior learning

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Fusing a simulation-trained common-source mass posterior with waveform features raises lensed-event detection efficiency from 20.8% to 35.2% at 1% false-positive rate and lowers the SNR for 50% efficiency from 45.3 to 33.5.

  2. Detection of cosmic strings by gravitational wave lensing. Predictions for Einstein Telescope

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Simulated cosmic-string lensing of binary black holes predicts Einstein Telescope would detect the events and infer Gµ ≈ 1e-10, though the source geometry is assumed ad hoc.

  3. Self-lensing of moving gravitational-wave sources can break the microlensing crossing timescale degeneracy

    astro-ph.HE 2025-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Self-lensing of a moving GW chirp by an orbiting black hole yields a curve width and interference beats that together give the orbital distance and the black hole mass.

  4. Parameter estimation of microlensed gravitational waves with Conditional Variational Autoencoders

    gr-qc 2024-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A conditional variational autoencoder trained on simulated microlensed binary black hole signals estimates lens mass and source offset with well-calibrated posteriors, runs about 10,000 times faster than Bilby, and cu...

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