Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 36 of 36 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.20627.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.20627 v1

Coverage vector

measured 36 of 36 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:40.186644Z

measured 38 of 38 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T22:50:33.181944Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-07T01:04:33.548624Z

Reference resolution

36 of 36 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy13
unresolved23
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 86e86abd-bb59-4ac6-9404-f0a7b4e12334 · outbound

This paper cites Anthropic.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Anthropic

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:44.378378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation c0838411-3c6a-442f-b828-098aac7260ea · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:44.196606Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 49c1c460-ce77-42ca-a380-72b556ded8ae · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:43.996373Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 8e7cd9b1-ec20-45bc-95e5-44c3e59e164d · outbound

This paper cites B \"o rgers.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching B \"o rgers

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:43.782103Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation c1eab3a9-d575-4de6-94b5-ac0e9fdaf93a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:37.554027Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 82fd0fed-be9b-40dc-a262-86ebc5b7b0a9 · outbound

This paper cites Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:37.609589Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 456db47b-8a37-4383-8b8e-3518ff1f1b60 · outbound

This paper cites Casper, X.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Casper, X

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:43.584599Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation a5faf15b-93b8-4fd3-ae42-d75431351b0a · outbound

This paper cites MaxMin-RLHF: Alignment with Diverse Human Preferences.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching MaxMin-RLHF: Alignment with Diverse Human Preferences

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:37.813949Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f0d4534f-2d05-40f6-a4f8-e6652853766b · outbound

This paper cites Chowdhery, S.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Chowdhery, S

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:43.405981Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 6e49afdc-1618-4d00-933f-e6fd1385908a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:43.185588Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 71316521-077c-46c8-a76d-38a91de2578a · outbound

This paper cites Conitzer, R.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Conitzer, R

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:42.985263Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 3d2725b6-6e9f-4a2d-b637-d4426c222c71 · outbound

This paper cites Dai and E.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Dai and E

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:42.793831Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 79365013-41b0-4bf6-8e63-f70c261e6d44 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:38.182082Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5df7dba6-61e3-40d2-9186-6b53aa9a38c8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:42.574076Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation c8522a4c-5be4-41c2-a19c-4d9a028402ed · outbound

This paper cites Duersch, J.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Duersch, J

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:42.391013Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 9a55bc8d-0447-4734-9a69-3b6d1eebba29 · outbound

This paper cites Eloundou, S.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Eloundou, S

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:42.177007Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 4475221c-605e-4a7d-98f7-4f0132688f2d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:41.976250Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 094654e9-a9a3-40bd-a20b-6c13d2aad4bd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:41.768676Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation eebe7386-a247-4d1f-85ad-5ac00a6057d7 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4o System Card.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching GPT-4o System Card

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:38.647026Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b90b92dc-bddf-4e26-add5-376c6db5a835 · outbound

This paper cites An Overview of Large Language Models for Statisticians.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching An Overview of Large Language Models for Statisticians

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:38.717248Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ccd8d0c0-1c0d-4a09-888d-1819e4e68bbc · outbound

This paper cites Jiang, X.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Jiang, X

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:38.788254Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e9e3d553-5991-4de7-b190-3296449cbce5 · outbound

This paper cites Statistical Impossibility and Possibility of Aligning LLMs with Human Preferences: From Condorcet Paradox to Nash Equilibrium.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Statistical Impossibility and Possibility of Aligning LLMs with Human Preferences: From Condorcet Paradox to Nash Equilibrium

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:38.874868Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ce5d47af-539b-47e8-bc24-6d2682870b64 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:38.936773Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 70a984bf-92a4-44ce-8ee0-c286b90ee293 · outbound

This paper cites Jackpot! Alignment as a Maximal Lottery.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Jackpot! Alignment as a Maximal Lottery

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:39.012921Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6e95837e-4e49-4d79-8aaf-81e2f52e68b2 · outbound

This paper cites AI Alignment and Social Choice: Fundamental Limitations and Policy Implications.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching AI Alignment and Social Choice: Fundamental Limitations and Policy Implications

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:39.099771Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 611afaa8-65cb-402f-8747-6c1ef3a01fd9 · outbound

This paper cites Munos, M.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Munos, M

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:41.552718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation ab58e09c-d400-469d-af5b-f87f8d909d6e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:39.269029Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e3a87a4d-9214-46a8-bad6-ce6d2f6cdbc1 · outbound

This paper cites Noothigattu, D.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Noothigattu, D

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:41.377761Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 78f73d1e-9409-407d-a35a-b945f660df5c · outbound

This paper cites Novikov, N.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Novikov, N

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:41.197367Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 26a12ff5-99a3-42d1-91f2-412011991556 · outbound

This paper cites Openai o3 and o4-mini system card.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Openai o3 and o4-mini system card

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:39.529271Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation db09ebd7-2540-4c0c-894c-fa95ad8beb64 · outbound

This paper cites Ouyang, J.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Ouyang, J

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:41.002767Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 75f4e5dd-5ec6-46db-a2c8-51c29f1b4363 · outbound

This paper cites Shoham and K.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Shoham and K

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:39.736372Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8138535f-9894-4c76-a27f-0d9a4942d03b · outbound

This paper cites Siththaranjan, C.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Siththaranjan, C

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:40.836792Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 6d8882df-43eb-44d3-abcf-5710b555ab0f · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:39.956039Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 40764352-c498-4b69-b2ee-52ea983c61c5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:40.603575Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 3bf6d4d8-7973-42df-833b-da06b03a8c7a · outbound

This paper cites On the Algorithmic Bias of Aligning Large Language Models with RLHF: Preference Collapse and Matching Regularization.

Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching On the Algorithmic Bias of Aligning Large Language Models with RLHF: Preference Collapse and Matching Regularization

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:16:40.186644Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation b496c3c8-4490-45ab-aa6e-606db8c9c3b8 · inbound

Game Theory Meets Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey with Taxonomy and New Frontiers cites this paper.

Game Theory Meets Large Language Models: A Systematic Survey with Taxonomy and New Frontiers Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching

Reference 142

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T22:50:33.181944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5f332d57-5d8f-4179-ba1e-cbc868b75180 · inbound

Theoretical Tensions in RLHF: Reconciling Empirical Success with Inconsistencies in Social Choice Theory cites this paper.

Theoretical Tensions in RLHF: Reconciling Empirical Success with Inconsistencies in Social Choice Theory Fundamental Limits of Game-Theoretic LLM Alignment: Smith Consistency and Preference Matching

Reference 2017

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T01:04:33.572321Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.