Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T00:58:33.581759Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 62 of 62 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2508.05686.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T00:58:33.581759Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
62 of 62 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 35b05480-bb4f-4471-b893-9d44a63932a4 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Claude 4 Sonnet System card
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 9f273848-4e67-4eb8-973f-737a073cf521 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence A” refers to the orginal Qwen3-4B without aditional training. “B
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation baf5e748-7182-4b8c-a26e-b76e15dd257c · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Non-Determinism of "Deterministic" LLM Settings
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d04e1dc8-99c6-4c08-9ee4-1ce628924949 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Program Synthesis with Large Language Models
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation dfeb4c38-8281-41a9-8b27-7918375ef766 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1abf0551-8591-4b8c-bc1e-181895276473 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence CodeBERT: A Pre-Trained Model for Programming and Natural Languages
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6aacf5f0-2164-45fa-b796-0bc59b95ef96 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Github copilot, 2021
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation ba80dc44-9cc2-49e7-86d7-dbfc041de1b1 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 57da5526-4a26-4dbb-8eed-1f45a9385867 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence HardTests: Synthesizing High-Quality Test Cases for LLM Coding
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4ecd220e-0c4d-4a82-9c23-34a33ae8957f · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Measuring Coding Challenge Competence With APPS
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2d75fbfc-28b4-478c-8a4a-f46636567036 · outbound
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1d9b5982-47ca-4887-8963-7558d99d7296 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Unresolved cited work
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 1b116f00-d32e-4bbd-8ccb-909141fad711 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence A Survey on Large Language Models for Code Generation
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 191873fc-6e9f-4159-9d04-6e969dbad44a · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Unresolved cited work
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation b82f73b9-385f-4561-80c9-a7bba60212f3 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence TACO: Topics in Algorithmic COde generation dataset
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 59b8a576-7e3a-4b74-853f-654811311964 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Unresolved cited work
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation e536cd46-e12d-4688-af71-4dcb3673c537 · outbound
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7a99974b-19e2-49c3-a7f1-48d81d265f0a · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Liu and L
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation ba9eba82-17ef-4d24-bc79-9752b4484a38 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence RLTF: Reinforcement Learning from Unit Test Feedback
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c4783c4d-9b91-40d1-b317-424793164e81 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence rStar-Coder: Scaling Competitive Code Reasoning with a Large-Scale Verified Dataset
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation eeb2fded-f768-43b8-bbda-6ff00dd6566d · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Understanding R1-Zero-Like Training: A Critical Perspective
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 744f1e95-ee95-4636-a441-54d308c2b0ba · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Openai codex, 2025
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation a41bda98-ca63-4fbc-9b71-4b8546b521aa · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Schaefer, S
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation dfeebbd2-958e-463d-b138-aa695653ce2a · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Can Language Models Solve Olympiad Programming?
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e519399b-bcb4-4b9c-acfd-5337f0b79127 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Execution-based Code Generation using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b42e23c9-c3bd-43c1-897e-a7e3ec465698 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Unresolved cited work
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a5436374-222e-4a5a-a3cc-744f25fdeeb9 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence CodeT5: Identifier-aware Unified Pre-trained Encoder-Decoder Models for Code Understanding and Generation
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f4784c84-0862-420e-884e-9b6a2b93ca9e · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence CodeT5+: Open Code Large Language Models for Code Understanding and Generation
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 04ee19d5-cf52-49c3-9201-0fbd4a55cc73 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence CodeContests+: High-Quality Test Case Generation for Competitive Programming
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 69837c32-b7fe-40f4-8e0f-8341493cdf20 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence MiMo: Unlocking the Reasoning Potential of Language Model -- From Pretraining to Posttraining
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bb55cf72-a954-47e2-a14c-156547f98294 · outbound
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 86d25b54-e014-4b53-82c6-d6686249a41f · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence DAPO: An Open-Source LLM Reinforcement Learning System at Scale
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7df5b372-0cc4-48bb-bd47-4aea8085a9ab · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence P” and “G
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 400532a7-076e-4b9e-8115-6c9e8f6a1adb · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence - **Explanation:** Analyze the logic of this code, identify the correct solution approach, and estimate its time complexity
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 18d7d3b0-3080-4424-815e-75c61b462596 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Unresolved cited work
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 10a6778c-5abc-41c3-a4d9-15fee92a3ff7 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Unresolved cited work
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 4f638516-8f21-471a-b2bd-58ab95a93846 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence - **Explanation:** Based on the time complexity and characteristics of the brute-force algorithms, design a dataset that forces them to time out
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation fd58ffbb-cf8f-4aff-b385-64ce0a737f03 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence The input data for each case must comply with the problem requirements, and some cases should push the upper/lower limits
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 935dd85f-62d8-4b37-8532-ebd9e95a218a · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence - **Prime Factorization Problems:** -* Maximize repeated prime factors: Generate powers of 2
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation d44aa187-2bbe-44c5-9b4c-d936a39c206a · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Unresolved cited work
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation bffc82a8-f3a8-4803-abbf-155564b656e7 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence - *Number theory*: Large primes (e.g., 1e9+7), 230 (largest 32-bit power of 2), all-1 arrays (factorization degradation)
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 2c36e235-b7fc-4404-aac2-6a1f96f380cc · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Examples: - *Interval problems*: At 𝑛 = 1𝑒4, O(𝑛2) enumeration requires 5e8 operations (exceeding 1e8 operations/second limits)
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation c24a743b-455e-4aaa-ab8f-eefc288dcc8b · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence - *Extreme structures*: Fully overlapping/non-overlapping intervals, chain/star trees, all-identical/all-distinct strings
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation d6a59716-369a-4bf2-bdb4-ffaf0f753bdb · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence 𝑛=upper limit + chain tree
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 315da160-e200-48d2-946e-3bd73e9068e4 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence ### Task Description Your task is to analyze error types within the pipeline and provide a corrected ‘generator‘ based on the error information
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 015b9656-e7c7-46f4-b2c9-8800065ad0ae · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Unresolved cited work
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 80c3f722-1359-446d-8dfe-57673830520a · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Unresolved cited work
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 1ecc009d-6850-4957-a732-b642e64717c1 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence **What caused it?**
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 5c6699d5-c2d6-4be1-af1b-acb34404c605 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Figure 7| Prompt for Modification Based on Generator Execution Errors
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation ee37d68f-b946-47d3-81c5-3207579f9484 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence **Execute** this ‘generator’ to obtain several inputs
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation b37e7e93-9b2e-4b30-ae02-1947930361eb · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence If they **produce consistent output**, then consider that input **valid**
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 4b7e8543-56f5-4329-b9d0-fa0f3c543596 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence ### Task Description Your task is to analyze error types within the pipeline and provide a corrected ‘generator’ based on the error information
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 5c872c19-876e-4cc6-a45c-439b9eca4aec · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Executing the human-expert-written solution exceeds the time limit
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 2230377a-e55e-43cb-84c7-6ec8666655b2 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Executing the human-expert-written solution exceeds the memory limit
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 9f904f2d-3633-4ac6-9cb4-28ad7a3ea299 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Unresolved cited work
Reference 59
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 96c4c41f-d206-4b2a-8a26-f883bcf4fcd5 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Unresolved cited work
Reference 60
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 61cceff5-3572-4f6e-ac19-da227a149487 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence **What caused it?**
Reference 61
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 5f83a642-3ec1-456f-b06b-09503ffde6e4 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence The output of the modified generator code **must** be a list (‘list’), where the elements are test cases (strings)
Reference 62
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 456351e7-4276-4cf5-bee4-115f2837768a · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Figure 8| Prompt for Modification Based on Input Execution Errors on Gold Solutions
Reference 63
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation de7645e5-6259-42fa-8a74-5676dfec17d0 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence __main__
Reference 64
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 0f0bba6b-10de-4da2-8438-addf79fec27c · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence Unresolved cited work
Reference 65
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
Observation 48156daf-dab8-4f4f-ae44-40bca627d9c1 · outbound
Efficiency of turbulence 3 1 1 0") else: # fallback: blatantly wrong but concise outs.append(
Reference 66
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.