Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 36 of 36 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.23075.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.23075 v2

Coverage vector

measured 36 of 36 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:00.319517Z

measured 37 of 37 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-04T17:04:37.871736Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

36 of 36 outbound references displayed

verified exact5
verified fuzzy6
unresolved22
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier2
metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 9a584ee4-0d9c-4a69-96d4-28fcf83a3d77 · outbound

This paper cites The appli- cation of large language models in medicine: A scoping review.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble The appli- cation of large language models in medicine: A scoping review

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:57:57.533126Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 58dde2b5-dc2d-4872-b38d-6a41b82026f5 · outbound

This paper cites Implementing large language models in healthcare while balancing control, collaboration, costs and security.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Implementing large language models in healthcare while balancing control, collaboration, costs and security

Reference 2

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:57:57.589923Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 81fef127-bb18-47ff-a66d-e119e7cafe26 · outbound

This paper cites The Rise of Small Language Models in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Survey.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble The Rise of Small Language Models in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Survey

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:57:57.663368Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6d137e65-1165-4d79-ac41-65855d6db7a5 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models in Healthcare.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Large Language Models in Healthcare

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:57:57.774926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6029680c-270f-4188-85d7-839c3fc723b8 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating large language mod- els for use in healthcare: A framework for translational value assessment.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Evaluating large language mod- els for use in healthcare: A framework for translational value assessment

Reference 5

Resolution: metadata mismatch; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:01.708815Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation d91f1982-1152-4284-ba5a-d5d36f49f765 · outbound

This paper cites Eval- uation and mitigation of the limitations of large language models in clinical decision- making.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Eval- uation and mitigation of the limitations of large language models in clinical decision- making

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:57:57.912753Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a03ea4f6-6667-4a6a-9b06-e3fe26ed31e8 · outbound

This paper cites Towards accurate differential diagnosis with large language models.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Towards accurate differential diagnosis with large language models

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:57:57.989509Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 85e6a875-55da-4fdf-bde5-6da8d3d22c29 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Mod- els—Misdiagnosing diagnostic excellence? JAMA Network Open.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Large Language Mod- els—Misdiagnosing diagnostic excellence? JAMA Network Open

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:01.469348Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 361fc017-c4d4-4484-a06f-d00e895cb5f3 · outbound

This paper cites MedXpertQA: Benchmarking Expert-Level Medical Reasoning and Understanding.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble MedXpertQA: Benchmarking Expert-Level Medical Reasoning and Understanding

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:57:58.191080Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8e56b883-2fc3-4711-a1f2-042d47d753a2 · outbound

This paper cites A comprehensive survey of Mixture- of-Experts: Algorithms, theory, and applications.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble A comprehensive survey of Mixture- of-Experts: Algorithms, theory, and applications

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:57:58.278567Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fbbc1182-5a94-4470-9a94-21cd0b78f81c · outbound

This paper cites Multi-Agent Consensus Seeking via Large Language Models.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Multi-Agent Consensus Seeking via Large Language Models

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:57:58.361992Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9c9f0234-9edd-4788-a655-092d9b7c2319 · outbound

This paper cites Extent of diagnostic agreement among medical referrals.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Extent of diagnostic agreement among medical referrals

Reference 12

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:00.858891Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 1bec315b-8184-4c7e-97c2-4522307d858b · outbound

This paper cites Skill-Based Mixture-of-Experts: Adaptive Routing for Heterogeneous Reasoning via Inferred Skills.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Skill-Based Mixture-of-Experts: Adaptive Routing for Heterogeneous Reasoning via Inferred Skills

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:57:58.524254Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 21acf8de-7df1-4e15-a46c-48bf61fd0e64 · outbound

This paper cites MC-CoT: A Modular Collaborative CoT Framework for Zero-shot Medical-VQA with LLM and MLLM Integration.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble MC-CoT: A Modular Collaborative CoT Framework for Zero-shot Medical-VQA with LLM and MLLM Integration

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:57:58.608053Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 81a54f89-d21e-4c5b-bdc6-c7c074af3221 · outbound

This paper cites Accurate differential diagno- sis with large language models.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Accurate differential diagno- sis with large language models

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:04.274130Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation f3101e7b-1871-4994-a2a2-6d6655bc240f · outbound

This paper cites Com- bining Probability Distributions: A Critique and an Annotated Bibliography.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Com- bining Probability Distributions: A Critique and an Annotated Bibliography

Reference 16

Resolution: verified exact; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:01.219947Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 544254e0-852b-40b9-87d5-9de75d94818f · outbound

This paper cites Aggregating expert opin- ions in support of medical diagnostic decision- making.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Aggregating expert opin- ions in support of medical diagnostic decision- making

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:04.122562Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 46809a5b-bd72-4e20-b125-c03e3df43601 · outbound

This paper cites MedMCQA : A Large-scale Multi-Subject Multi-Choice Dataset for Medical domain Question Answering.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble MedMCQA : A Large-scale Multi-Subject Multi-Choice Dataset for Medical domain Question Answering

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:57:58.938847Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8cfb7590-d7ec-489f-9092-e296ed73ab3e · outbound

This paper cites What Disease does this Patient Have? A Large-scale Open Domain Question Answering Dataset from Medical Exams.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble What Disease does this Patient Have? A Large-scale Open Domain Question Answering Dataset from Medical Exams

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:04.000710Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 7aa25d3a-5344-4ec1-ab95-f253fb334f60 · outbound

This paper cites DDXPlus: A New Dataset For Automatic Medical Diagnosis.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble DDXPlus: A New Dataset For Automatic Medical Diagnosis

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:57:59.187335Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8d74bd75-6429-4da2-8fd9-f0217eb6e597 · outbound

This paper cites I know what I don’t know: improving model cascades through confidence tuning.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble I know what I don’t know: improving model cascades through confidence tuning

Reference 21

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:00.673093Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 64bbe1b5-eac5-43ab-925e-167632c23aae · outbound

This paper cites diagnosis1.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble diagnosis1

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:00.472842Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation c9a4fe42-c9d9-4fa2-97dd-1ee2dec1b615 · outbound

This paper cites Heart Attack.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Heart Attack

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:03.862679Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 6f607a4e-4874-4d97-a7e5-78f50fa609d8 · outbound

This paper cites Tension Headache.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Tension Headache

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:03.735821Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 9b8b2891-1aec-4853-b0d6-6a84fbcb8fd2 · outbound

This paper cites Iron Deficiency Anemia.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Iron Deficiency Anemia

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:03.588341Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b3499bae-68f4-4725-8fef-d46175c49fca · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:03.411854Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 2427f0c7-5e3f-46aa-ba95-e328f64222a3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:03.301039Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 73cc91d6-df26-44dc-a107-0b6429bf8e24 · outbound

This paper cites MI" → "Myocardial Infarction.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble MI" → "Myocardial Infarction

Reference 29

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:03.160718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 68d93a10-c8da-4dac-b13c-ca82ca0924da · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:02.964994Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 34f88276-58cc-4fd2-bad3-19b28ce7f697 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:02.844948Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 8d668e00-1e62-41ad-8fa7-03d3de2ce2eb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:02.667321Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation ece4b08f-2cdf-4b53-82cd-849892975351 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:02.509102Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 7afd1ea1-fbe4-4bb9-9411-2c0d8624b992 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:02.364479Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation c7b4ee84-34d3-47ec-a83e-530f0af4fdbf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:02.166818Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 2682ac94-41e2-46eb-b6cc-e3aa77226969 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:58:01.933484Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 264f278f-a3fb-4f96-b0f7-53c40a8f1a7c · outbound

This paper cites What Disease does this Patient Have? A Large-scale Open Domain Question Answering Dataset from Medical Exams.

Reference 2020

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:57:59.116541Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 9ce6e2c7-67f8-4a36-bb40-5adcbb4dadfe · inbound

AI-Generated Content in Cross-Domain Applications: Research Trends, Challenges and Propositions cites this paper.

AI-Generated Content in Cross-Domain Applications: Research Trends, Challenges and Propositions Second Opinion Matters: Towards Adaptive Clinical AI via the Consensus of Expert Model Ensemble

Reference 104

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T17:04:37.871736Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.