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The hunt for sub-solar primordial black holes in low mass ratio binaries is open
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abstract
We perform a search for binary black hole mergers with one subsolar mass black hole and a primary component above $2 M_\odot$ in the second observing run of LIGO/Virgo. Our analysis therefore extends previous searches into a mass region motivated by the presence of a peak in any broad mass distribution of primordial black holes (PBHs) around $[2-3] M_\odot$ coming from the equation of state reduction at the QCD transition. Four candidate events are found passing a false alarm rate (FAR) threshold of 2 per year, although none are statistically significant enough for being clear detections. We first derive model independent limits on the PBH merging rates assuming a null result of the search. Then we confront them to two recent scenarios in which PBHs can constitute up to the totality of the Dark Matter, explain LIGO/Virgo mergers and the possible observation of a stochastic gravitational-wave background by NANOGrav. We find that these models still pass the rate limits and conclude that the analysis of the O3 and O4 observing runs will be decisive to test the hypothesis of a primordial origin of black hole mergers.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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BinaryGFH-v2: Improved method to search for gravitational waves from sub-solar-mass, ultra-compact binaries using the Generalized Frequency-Hough Transform
BinaryGFH-v2 is a modified GFH method that can search for inspiraling binaries with chirp masses 0.01–0.1 solar masses, validated in Gaussian noise and projected to constrain PBH dark matter.
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Probing Primordial Black Hole Mergers in Clusters with Pulsar Timing Data
Bayesian analysis of IPTA DR2 shows scalar-induced gravitational waves dominate and PBH merger backgrounds are strongly disfavored relative to an astrophysical SMBHB explanation.
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Template bank for sub solar mass compact binary mergers in the fourth observing run of Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA
Two template banks for sub-solar-mass compact binary searches in LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA's fourth observing run were generated with a modified manifold algorithm, and simulation tests show sufficient match coverage for masse...
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Search for a gravitational wave background from primordial black hole binaries using data from the first three LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing runs
No primordial-black-hole gravitational-wave background is found in LVK O1-O3 data, yielding 95% upper limits on the PBH dark-matter fraction for log-normal mass functions.
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Is the formation of primordial black holes from single-field inflation compatible with standard cosmology?
Producing primordial black holes in single-field inflation typically forces more than about 55 e-folds after CMB-mode exit, conflicting with standard reheating unless the model is retuned or reheating is exotic.
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Searches for Binary Mergers with Sub-solar Mass Components in Data from the First Part of LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA's Fourth Observing Run
No sub-solar-mass compact-binary mergers were found in LIGO O4a data, giving 90% merger-rate upper limits of 110-10000 Gpc^-3 yr^-1 and weak new dark-matter constraints.
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