Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 39 of 39 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.04890.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.04890 v2

Coverage vector

measured 39 of 39 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.304210Z

measured 39 of 39 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

39 of 39 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy9
unresolved28
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 743ef33f-5c29-4d39-9c6e-7e0330d29e07 · outbound

This paper cites , " * write output.state after.block = add.period write newline.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning , " * write output.state after.block = add.period write newline

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.125410Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a68fd5c2-635c-4f59-9d76-47f367c1a451 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.130865Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 97114717-c50a-4dc5-9599-d7a47bee886a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.858201Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation bc48267a-f473-4a3f-9cbc-25033c5d7cc9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.844186Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 9d5db1dd-34c3-4161-be33-c244a4e38d30 · outbound

This paper cites Fixing by Mixing: A Recipe for Optimal Byzantine ML under Heterogeneity.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Fixing by Mixing: A Recipe for Optimal Byzantine ML under Heterogeneity

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.445885Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 7d0af5d4-220a-4e03-97b2-dc68852361bc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.830484Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 87045aa7-da7d-4344-972f-e42a60568c27 · outbound

This paper cites M.; Guerraoui, R.; and Stainer, J.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning M.; Guerraoui, R.; and Stainer, J

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.814832Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 83c36886-52f9-488c-93d2-cd2383d98d49 · outbound

This paper cites M.; Guerraoui, R.; Maurer, A.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning M.; Guerraoui, R.; Maurer, A

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.798037Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 3ddb3446-6c30-447a-bdba-0aaf90ad41dc · outbound

This paper cites LEAF: A Benchmark for Federated Settings.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning LEAF: A Benchmark for Federated Settings

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.164727Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bb95a78d-6003-4079-8aa7-185216294ea4 · outbound

This paper cites M.; Farhadkhani, S.; Guerraoui, R.; Guirguis, A.; Hoang, L.-N.; and Rouault, S.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning M.; Farhadkhani, S.; Guerraoui, R.; Guirguis, A.; Hoang, L.-N.; and Rouault, S

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.782866Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation a711b0f0-211a-44f0-bf50-fab4207e64a4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.767628Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation e27f2d32-61bd-4380-87e0-c647c71f636a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.753328Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation df4c8baf-262a-4d73-a04f-5cf59465ba5a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.738462Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 9d5dd842-87cb-46c9-bf85-186d8a1510ce · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.191260Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 73443219-c4ef-4ea1-9106-5620e160efd3 · outbound

This paper cites P.; He, L.; and Jaggi, M.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning P.; He, L.; and Jaggi, M

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.715101Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 2a84392e-d07f-414b-a616-0d27f6cacb95 · outbound

This paper cites P.; He, L.; and Jaggi, M.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning P.; He, L.; and Jaggi, M

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.700348Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation edb113ca-bd67-4247-b4e9-e53b34559ccc · outbound

This paper cites P.; Kale, S.; Mohri, M.; Reddi, S.; Stich, S.; and Suresh, A.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning P.; Kale, S.; Mohri, M.; Reddi, S.; Stich, S.; and Suresh, A

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.685862Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 464d8413-a9bd-49b4-908c-c6d8706d1fe3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.671438Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 654cb7a5-eac0-4f04-b785-e46d467bcaf4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.213486Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9f1b901b-ea49-4919-a1be-adb74e3e60c6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.648339Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 8b8d13bf-f0f0-42e7-b914-af0e18f0f4cb · outbound

This paper cites Federated Learning on Non-IID Data Silos: An Experimental Study.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Federated Learning on Non-IID Data Silos: An Experimental Study

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.222453Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 888cdc95-1a64-40ea-872f-34fc3e8b1d93 · outbound

This paper cites K.; Zaheer, M.; Sanjabi, M.; Talwalkar, A.; and Smith, V.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning K.; Zaheer, M.; Sanjabi, M.; Talwalkar, A.; and Smith, V

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.226964Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 24c81ebb-777b-4d5f-9b6a-e6934abc7783 · outbound

This paper cites On the Convergence of FedAvg on Non-IID Data.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning On the Convergence of FedAvg on Non-IID Data

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.231404Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dcf17e23-099a-4cda-a9b8-4d56f53c77c3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.624899Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation f308baac-c446-43c8-b680-8aba7a63d3da · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.610495Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation f47e1ec2-9761-42b5-b5b2-f9276de9dab8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.245019Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d520c51a-81ec-41aa-9d3d-f14c7a75aa1e · outbound

This paper cites S.; Mccabe, G.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning S.; Mccabe, G

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.586403Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 8a8cacfa-7dbe-49ad-8b1e-d9a4d9d9d243 · outbound

This paper cites FedCal: Achieving Local and Global Calibration in Federated Learning via Aggregated Parameterized Scaler.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning FedCal: Achieving Local and Global Calibration in Federated Learning via Aggregated Parameterized Scaler

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.379777Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 80fe7ec9-5c57-4b45-af37-d2ffcb078654 · outbound

This paper cites Robust Aggregation for Federated Learning.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Robust Aggregation for Federated Learning

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.258314Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 790079e1-dec1-4f37-b7fd-629d44119d8c · outbound

This paper cites T.; and Saul, L.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning T.; and Saul, L

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.571989Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 68ab238d-46ae-45ef-abd5-0809495df7b7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.266901Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e0d30448-5785-4ed3-a294-1ce839f033f9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.547514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 932360c3-3c83-4f9d-ac44-0ef457e5821b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.276275Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9f502ef3-c5eb-4e50-b474-f728f7af8b51 · outbound

This paper cites E.; Patel, K.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning E.; Patel, K

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.522752Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 001da8ce-2f37-46f6-98bd-88aadc65be56 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.506438Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation dd16966d-cbdb-4c52-abfa-194c3414bf2d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.492073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation ec2f43dc-1697-40be-bb08-85559d1139fa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.475594Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 43b62278-1a89-4453-9b6d-c4b6220df9f9 · outbound

This paper cites Parallel Restarted SGD with Faster Convergence and Less Communication: Demystifying Why Model Averaging Works for Deep Learning.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Parallel Restarted SGD with Faster Convergence and Less Communication: Demystifying Why Model Averaging Works for Deep Learning

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.299468Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d5191c32-94bb-4faa-b7e4-97df2b4d9d68 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Exploit Gradient Skewness to Circumvent Byzantine Defenses for Federated Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T21:10:23.460887Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.