Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning

As of 13 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 44 of 44 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2411.17679.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2411.17679 v5

Coverage vector

measured 44 of 44 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.192496Z

measured 45 of 45 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T04:26:33.685177Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-07T04:26:33.777023Z

Reference resolution

44 of 44 outbound references displayed

verified exact3
verified fuzzy1
unresolved40
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation fa5ea587-6e5c-4d88-b42a-398af0c71044 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:56:59.952541Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ca4da7a7-6169-4c2b-b61e-36198259463b · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:56:59.958663Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b7dbb3ea-b2e7-4db1-9b8e-9b5360f28655 · outbound

This paper cites The Reversal Curse: LLMs trained on "A is B" fail to learn "B is A".

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning The Reversal Curse: LLMs trained on "A is B" fail to learn "B is A"

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:56:59.964292Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4b1ea344-0e52-4a07-86fd-9e79443deb06 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Code

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:56:59.969535Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d99f3cca-c569-4c95-842b-fb4e21f7ffa0 · outbound

This paper cites Premise Order Matters in Reasoning with Large Language Models.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Premise Order Matters in Reasoning with Large Language Models

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:56:59.974790Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 42d29c47-9872-47f9-95f1-408f19a314ed · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:56:59.980021Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0f1edc79-0f9c-4aa4-bc88-3792a97ded8a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:56:59.984919Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d221b2b5-6f9f-4365-9b7e-cf78e58fa1e6 · outbound

This paper cites Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:56:59.990044Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e6ff840c-412a-4599-a4cf-03c1542cc6cd · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:56:59.995679Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 22a74f22-1c08-4ef2-9e82-20818b9e6bd7 · outbound

This paper cites EXAMS: A Multi-Subject High School Examinations Dataset for Cross-Lingual and Multilingual Question Answering.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning EXAMS: A Multi-Subject High School Examinations Dataset for Cross-Lingual and Multilingual Question Answering

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.001264Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ae6e4c7d-0bce-4b24-bda5-cdcb082bf32e · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.017329Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e19fa434-a936-4e1e-8fe8-245986afc44e · outbound

This paper cites LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.026194Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 883de65d-70ec-42bf-b0f5-fec9de94be57 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.872472Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 1e9dd618-f98c-41af-b8bb-50fc1fd281e8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.855299Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation aad2efe1-38d8-4abc-a0bc-f64d0a85f243 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4o System Card.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning GPT-4o System Card

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.041983Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5f59c0f4-2fb3-47fc-a918-096364788f35 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.839570Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 70dfbe2c-7810-47b8-b8e3-32d648361130 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.823384Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 37c5be3d-f173-422e-b83f-65b377b2ae99 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.057013Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 21e5485c-de6c-4809-bdb7-afabc41e4594 · outbound

This paper cites What do tokens know about their characters and how do they know it?.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning What do tokens know about their characters and how do they know it?

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.062443Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 87b33bd2-33e3-411c-a394-843fd22a01dc · outbound

This paper cites Miranda, Alisa Liu, Nouha Dziri, Shane Lyu, Yuling Gu, Saumya Malik, Victoria Graf, Jena D.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Miranda, Alisa Liu, Nouha Dziri, Shane Lyu, Yuling Gu, Saumya Malik, Victoria Graf, Jena D

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.796487Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation eda2b171-cac9-4722-b80d-52a1152f839c · outbound

This paper cites Improving Chinese Spelling Check by Character Pronunciation Prediction: The Effects of Adaptivity and Granularity.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Improving Chinese Spelling Check by Character Pronunciation Prediction: The Effects of Adaptivity and Granularity

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.072652Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7ebf0de7-7ac4-4757-b3c2-eb8442eb0d3a · outbound

This paper cites C-LLM: Learn to Check Chinese Spelling Errors Character by Character.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning C-LLM: Learn to Check Chinese Spelling Errors Character by Character

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.077819Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 238200a8-e234-47f7-97d7-8951e69c30d3 · outbound

This paper cites Disentangled Phonetic Representation for Chinese Spelling Correction.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Disentangled Phonetic Representation for Chinese Spelling Correction

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.412597Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 4f878f64-7929-4373-9412-10492f636e67 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.779979Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation c7b819e8-be9f-420a-a15e-61982da87e9d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.763642Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 0704bda8-50b0-413b-b47c-58b3a9d698e0 · outbound

This paper cites Neural Machine Translation of Rare Words with Subword Units.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Neural Machine Translation of Rare Words with Subword Units

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.098279Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7c428d1c-8f66-4910-9c47-c3ced3047213 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Models Lack Understanding of Character Composition of Words.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Large Language Models Lack Understanding of Character Composition of Words

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.103355Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3bdf6fd9-48cc-4545-89b0-e4c6f0ec3a6f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.746407Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 2e662c5e-8710-409d-a24a-bc889ba796ff · outbound

This paper cites Learn Your Tokens: Word-Pooled Tokenization for Language Modeling.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Learn Your Tokens: Word-Pooled Tokenization for Language Modeling

Reference 29

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.350976Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 07f32173-e45b-443e-900c-d0c980dd41f7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.118560Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dc64d204-0406-43b5-ba4c-31c25722edf9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.124538Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b016e7a3-650d-4868-9b85-5f5c8c7de7a8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.130161Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8a84e136-488f-4699-8309-8ec907e1d50f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.135236Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8f7532cf-795a-4982-a57f-ca6b6ca9fd34 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.141119Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 664b3f73-a742-4e8b-8dfd-fe507bff512d · outbound

This paper cites Rethinking Masked Language Modeling for Chinese Spelling Correction.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Rethinking Masked Language Modeling for Chinese Spelling Correction

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.146935Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6af87b1b-9ad2-4924-85b3-78d3d998365e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.677075Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 9fc6c74a-3393-4683-a8bb-9ddcbe938fe9 · outbound

This paper cites LLM The Genius Paradox: A Linguistic and Math Expert's Struggle with Simple Word-based Counting Problems.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning LLM The Genius Paradox: A Linguistic and Math Expert's Struggle with Simple Word-based Counting Problems

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.156580Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 27e481d5-19c3-47a1-a48d-ba3f0caf744d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.161741Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4ebc9229-ffc5-416f-924c-3fe58f7b35d2 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2 Technical Report.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Qwen2 Technical Report

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.166498Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 98973577-f061-46bf-8305-8d54f40debc8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.650250Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation cb98ca3d-24de-4cca-8b28-d9df2ebd8dd7 · outbound

This paper cites A Comprehensive Evaluation and Analysis Study for Chinese Spelling Check.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning A Comprehensive Evaluation and Analysis Study for Chinese Spelling Check

Reference 41

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.274407Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 0fc40a34-3c41-4ec8-9219-670998ebd815 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.181959Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 90b577b2-c3b8-453f-a83c-18da5953c044 · outbound

This paper cites LlamaFactory: Unified Efficient Fine-Tuning of 100+ Language Models.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning LlamaFactory: Unified Efficient Fine-Tuning of 100+ Language Models

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.187302Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 62a04d5c-e9ea-4ad5-83c5-b1028dbf9b0f · outbound

This paper cites Instruction-Following Evaluation for Large Language Models.

Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning Instruction-Following Evaluation for Large Language Models

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:57:00.192496Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation f6992535-03a2-49c8-9810-0ba54a03cabd · inbound

Spelling-out is not Straightforward: LLMs' Capability of Tokenization from Token to Characters cites this paper.

Spelling-out is not Straightforward: LLMs' Capability of Tokenization from Token to Characters Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning

Reference 30

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T04:26:33.781426Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.