Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe

As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 22 of 22 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2412.03534.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.03534 v1

Coverage vector

measured 22 of 22 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.630617Z

measured 23 of 23 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-02T02:52:20.515480Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

22 of 22 outbound references displayed

verified exact3
verified fuzzy4
unresolved15
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation a1a96fae-dfbb-4602-ae05-aad45d28a318 · outbound

This paper cites Accelerated Formation of Ultra-Massive Galaxies in the First Billion Years.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe Accelerated Formation of Ultra-Massive Galaxies in the First Billion Years

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.567412Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9c493296-3420-4799-862d-62459f405ef9 · outbound

This paper cites A population of red candidate massive galaxies ~600 Myr after the Big Bang.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe A population of red candidate massive galaxies ~600 Myr after the Big Bang

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.571197Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 658c9e47-eda0-4822-af03-ecec72794bae · outbound

This paper cites Modified gravity (MOG) and the cluster Abell 1689 acceleration data.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe Modified gravity (MOG) and the cluster Abell 1689 acceleration data

Reference 3

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.736402Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 3cdca21d-dfca-424e-87b7-83ed05edd5f4 · outbound

This paper cites Scalar-Tensor-Vector Gravity Theory.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe Scalar-Tensor-Vector Gravity Theory

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.577794Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 123c4376-eb73-4ac6-b6fe-0ae5a1410492 · outbound

This paper cites Gravitational Theory of Cosmology, Galaxies and Galaxy Clusters.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe Gravitational Theory of Cosmology, Galaxies and Galaxy Clusters

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.717193Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 92c7f68c-d7e2-4a6d-81d1-e943d035cfca · outbound

This paper cites The Bullet Cluster 1E0657-558 evidence shows Modified Gravity in the absence of Dark Matter.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe The Bullet Cluster 1E0657-558 evidence shows Modified Gravity in the absence of Dark Matter

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.584569Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 56ca3be3-1edb-4c85-a9d6-b08841535da0 · outbound

This paper cites The MOG weak field approximation and observational test of galaxy rotation curves.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe The MOG weak field approximation and observational test of galaxy rotation curves

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.588176Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c65cbad8-316d-4625-b348-eebfcd2bbb15 · outbound

This paper cites The MOG Weak Field approximation II. Observational test of Chandra X-ray Clusters.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe The MOG Weak Field approximation II. Observational test of Chandra X-ray Clusters

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.591175Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 145b6384-589c-425c-bfe1-53f43d05ab5a · outbound

This paper cites Modified Gravity (MOG) fits to observed radial acceleration of SPARC galaxies.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe Modified Gravity (MOG) fits to observed radial acceleration of SPARC galaxies

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.594247Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 426f268b-2a36-40a5-9842-69cc6b0c60ae · outbound

This paper cites Testing MOdified Gravity (MOG) theory and dark matter model in Milky Way using the local observables.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe Testing MOdified Gravity (MOG) theory and dark matter model in Milky Way using the local observables

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.674801Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 81e8dcfd-d603-40da-988f-3f86db6b17e0 · outbound

This paper cites The Train Wreck Cluster Abell 520 and the Bullet Cluster 1E0657-558 in a Generalized Theory of Gravitation.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe The Train Wreck Cluster Abell 520 and the Bullet Cluster 1E0657-558 in a Generalized Theory of Gravitation

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.600346Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 730b75a8-beaf-42c8-8e13-03591824e7e3 · outbound

This paper cites Moffat and Viktor Toth, Universe, 2021, 358 (2021).

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe Moffat and Viktor Toth, Universe, 2021, 358 (2021)

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.836039Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 22522d99-dbbe-4d92-8f54-63b9d9cc47b0 · outbound

This paper cites Cosmological observations in a modified theory of gravity (MOG).

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe Cosmological observations in a modified theory of gravity (MOG)

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.606196Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 65ad0147-53ed-43f4-91de-32216f701304 · outbound

This paper cites Schmidt, ApJ., 129: 243.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe Schmidt, ApJ., 129: 243

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.827528Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 4bdb0210-6c6d-4132-a357-6275a45a2ed3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.819958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation c0a1bc59-7fa2-4991-8590-aaba43ca9b86 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.812621Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation bba7509b-6233-406c-a15e-90b4cc512769 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.805012Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation c6ac847d-08ea-4518-81e4-3219e33b39da · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.795625Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 45e67a4a-df95-4a65-820c-8de22264de01 · outbound

This paper cites Angles-Alcazar, et al., MNRAS, 470, 4698 (2017).

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe Angles-Alcazar, et al., MNRAS, 470, 4698 (2017)

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.787031Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 354bbf30-a237-409d-8515-1ae94c854c82 · outbound

This paper cites Behroozi and J.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe Behroozi and J

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.778186Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation af137648-4ebb-4f01-821d-2053d4d04285 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.769404Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 0cea129d-20fc-4882-9cbc-3a23d1aa78f2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T22:23:59.759936Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation 07204640-9cdb-4aee-a4f1-45ac547637ea · inbound

Non-Primordial Contribution to the Cosmic Microwave Background cites this paper.

Non-Primordial Contribution to the Cosmic Microwave Background Galaxy Formation in the Early Universe

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-02T02:52:20.515480Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.