Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations

As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 40 of 40 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1909.00303.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
1909.00303 v2

Coverage vector

measured 40 of 40 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.186756Z

measured 40 of 40 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

40 of 40 outbound references displayed

verified exact4
verified fuzzy7
unresolved29
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 37e3cd93-c53f-415b-9145-e390e382c6a3 · outbound

This paper cites URL: " 'urlintro :=.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations URL: " 'urlintro :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:40.476972Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 813998ef-8aae-4943-8593-f2bbd08bff26 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:40.509049Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e00141c3-c8c4-4fe2-baff-246d770356a0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:42.315110Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 6beb75fb-313b-40fb-8f66-7667a3572acc · outbound

This paper cites Fine-grained Analysis of Sentence Embeddings Using Auxiliary Prediction Tasks.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Fine-grained Analysis of Sentence Embeddings Using Auxiliary Prediction Tasks

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:40.537736Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 07d491b9-a24f-4786-87fe-576e7155d011 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:42.301040Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation b65264a5-3324-4e55-8f32-b2d4d50930c7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:42.285035Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation f8f7c664-e1bf-4646-a578-22df723177ea · outbound

This paper cites Deep RNNs Encode Soft Hierarchical Syntax.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Deep RNNs Encode Soft Hierarchical Syntax

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:40.553066Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9e81be98-6966-456b-809c-cb1e2d4a7e22 · outbound

This paper cites and Baroni, M.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations and Baroni, M

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:42.221787Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation f0b7d664-d123-495b-9f79-8a3d2d51a77d · outbound

This paper cites Correlating neural and symbolic representations of language.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Correlating neural and symbolic representations of language

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.641893Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation b9ba5aef-4653-406b-899c-d673378885f2 · outbound

This paper cites Representations of language in a model of visually grounded speech signal.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Representations of language in a model of visually grounded speech signal

Reference 10

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.611203Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation bfe40896-1594-4973-b2f3-07a8972f9f48 · outbound

This paper cites M., Khosla, A., Pantazis, D., Torralba, A., and Oliva, A.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations M., Khosla, A., Pantazis, D., Torralba, A., and Oliva, A

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:42.129979Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 786d68ec-d1ce-4966-a708-c34db844e50d · outbound

This paper cites Supervised Learning of Universal Sentence Representations from Natural Language Inference Data.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Supervised Learning of Universal Sentence Representations from Natural Language Inference Data

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:40.736510Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 702379f5-06f0-482a-aabb-be0e04164dce · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Compositionality in Sentence Embeddings.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Evaluating Compositionality in Sentence Embeddings

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:40.769667Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f072d29b-508c-49e8-974b-2845999d0b04 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:40.774545Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5ab65809-cb84-4a1a-8b6c-adc09d3cddae · outbound

This paper cites A., Morris, R.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations A., Morris, R

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:42.079132Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 1d718776-8d67-4eb5-b11b-ab998f03245f · outbound

This paper cites Colorless green recurrent networks dream hierarchically.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Colorless green recurrent networks dream hierarchically

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:40.784013Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9e81fa7c-f5e8-4d33-ad61-eee822a1b00c · outbound

This paper cites Modeling Human Reading with Neural Attention.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Modeling Human Reading with Neural Attention

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.399194Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation c01b61a4-e81c-410e-bced-8f5459ab496d · outbound

This paper cites Visualisation and 'diagnostic classifiers' reveal how recurrent and recursive neural networks process hierarchical structure.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Visualisation and 'diagnostic classifiers' reveal how recurrent and recursive neural networks process hierarchical structure

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:40.865588Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3feec359-4b1c-44f0-b8f2-d527f5c657d7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:42.063733Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation b50d1ab3-0070-41fb-b7ef-0e23c04ed6cc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:42.047968Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation f1789372-a7fc-4327-9bc7-c10a399a7be7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:42.030997Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 3943b62d-f550-40aa-992b-07ca733c2dd0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:42.014655Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 6036188a-75d6-4410-90a0-adc51ad8628d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.999072Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 33fbdb41-c036-47c8-825a-58a9a711881f · outbound

This paper cites Assessing the Ability of LSTMs to Learn Syntax-Sensitive Dependencies.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Assessing the Ability of LSTMs to Learn Syntax-Sensitive Dependencies

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:40.926250Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9cd8eaad-a54f-4f28-aa7f-984f3d92380e · outbound

This paper cites Rearranging the Familiar: Testing Compositional Generalization in Recurrent Networks.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Rearranging the Familiar: Testing Compositional Generalization in Recurrent Networks

Reference 26

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.308798Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 9497b23a-e1d2-4889-b08d-06889b9314f3 · outbound

This paper cites Targeted Syntactic Evaluation of Language Models.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Targeted Syntactic Evaluation of Language Models

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:40.935514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ef77e11e-30a7-4a4f-b235-a7947018983c · outbound

This paper cites and S gaard, A.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations and S gaard, A

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.983565Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation e44b55d1-c9f2-437c-ad0a-2786921d0bec · outbound

This paper cites The Natural Language Decathlon: Multitask Learning as Question Answering.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations The Natural Language Decathlon: Multitask Learning as Question Answering

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.037291Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1b1901ee-4592-4b8c-8ef7-65976f788d73 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.968472Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation d716b898-3ec7-4dcc-8af1-60ee85a387f8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.140499Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cffa34f3-a536-485d-9d4c-61986d1f5bc9 · outbound

This paper cites Deep contextualized word representations.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Deep contextualized word representations

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.145717Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7f026f4a-3ab8-4190-8fbb-bfd589201855 · outbound

This paper cites E., Campbell, S.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations E., Campbell, S

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.942797Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 4ece6506-1b82-4405-86f9-e05fc31c6ed5 · outbound

This paper cites and Duffy, S.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations and Duffy, S

Reference 34

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.834993Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 1c4528ce-ffb2-453f-8bde-89c8a4098dc2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.761724Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 51baf67f-b95f-4efb-bc43-3e10fded18a3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.736650Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 98407f3d-915c-4b6e-a9b3-a5016e1dc2de · outbound

This paper cites BERT Rediscovers the Classical NLP Pipeline.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations BERT Rediscovers the Classical NLP Pipeline

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.169026Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0d5c35a6-bd2e-427d-adeb-bcd80553b98e · outbound

This paper cites T., Kim, N., Van Durme, B., Bowman, S., Das, D., et al.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations T., Kim, N., Van Durme, B., Bowman, S., Das, D., et al

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.720804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 257695f2-ff4c-4012-be39-99f8510cc14f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.705533Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Observation 54df6673-4b28-4cc7-ba95-1a8fc8319fe9 · outbound

This paper cites GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.182224Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 540ac0aa-fee8-4651-8cd2-ca756967357e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Higher-order Comparisons of Sentence Encoder Representations Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T05:58:41.689456Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.