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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants

As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 47 of 47 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.01232.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.01232 v2

Coverage vector

measured 47 of 47 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T04:40:45.544788Z

measured 47 of 47 standing notices

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measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

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measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

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Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

47 of 47 outbound references displayed

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External citation measurements

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Outbound references

Observation d816f7b0-41b1-46c7-9135-f4cf99e9860e · outbound

This paper cites Ghoussoub, A.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Ghoussoub, A

Reference 1

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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Observation 067ae00b-34b6-4ae8-962f-4a6aa49ff22b · outbound

This paper cites Ortiz, B.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Ortiz, B

Reference 2

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Observation 8a974b1d-8520-43c9-a1aa-701ffa4db6a2 · outbound

This paper cites Ortiz, E.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Ortiz, E

Reference 3

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Observation 30e20a8e-cdf2-41b6-aec8-6a4e84fa4c76 · outbound

This paper cites Ortiz, L.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Ortiz, L

Reference 4

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Observation d27395b6-f95f-46bb-a258-5d12fcc53845 · outbound

This paper cites Petryk, A quasi-extremal energy principle for non-potential problems in rate-independent plasticity, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 136 (2020) 103691.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Petryk, A quasi-extremal energy principle for non-potential problems in rate-independent plasticity, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 136 (2020) 103691

Reference 5

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Observation 71b561a7-186a-43c6-8b52-dfe0e625874b · outbound

This paper cites Carstensen, K.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Carstensen, K

Reference 6

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Observation 111b718b-dfdc-449c-b25a-a1542b4b3114 · outbound

This paper cites Gurtin, Variational principles for linear initial-value problems, Quarterly of Applied Mathematics 22 (3) (1964) 252–256.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Gurtin, Variational principles for linear initial-value problems, Quarterly of Applied Mathematics 22 (3) (1964) 252–256

Reference 7

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Observation 804abef9-5b34-4fee-9b1f-70bd1037c3c4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

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Observation 155c8ae0-254a-4cea-bc1c-42999a6fa219 · outbound

This paper cites Acharya, Variational principle for nonlinear PDE systems via duality, Quarterly of Applied Mathematics 81 (2023) 127–140.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Acharya, Variational principle for nonlinear PDE systems via duality, Quarterly of Applied Mathematics 81 (2023) 127–140

Reference 9

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Observation cf6e444a-fc50-4d4b-a3ec-b7de281e9590 · outbound

This paper cites Acharya, A dual variational principle for nonlinear dislocation dynamics, Journal of Elasticity 154 (1) (2023) 383–395.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Acharya, A dual variational principle for nonlinear dislocation dynamics, Journal of Elasticity 154 (1) (2023) 383–395

Reference 10

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Observation 857f1887-4ffa-4c73-b03d-c77ee8736053 · outbound

This paper cites A Hidden Convexity in Continuum Mechanics, with application to classical, continuous-time, rate-(in)dependent plasticity.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants A Hidden Convexity in Continuum Mechanics, with application to classical, continuous-time, rate-(in)dependent plasticity

Reference 11

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Observation d4b18808-0fbb-41eb-95f8-3fd31426d150 · outbound

This paper cites Singh, J.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Singh, J

Reference 12

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Observation 3a9c28fc-f553-4412-8459-136bb5b18dff · outbound

This paper cites Acharya, B.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Acharya, B

Reference 13

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Observation a10d2bc2-91ee-4cb6-a2d7-751ef82bc282 · outbound

This paper cites Acharya, A.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Acharya, A

Reference 14

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Observation e8831b0a-de3c-4876-9674-127e6638e445 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

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Observation 92a8bc52-3937-4906-9929-447125a8bcb6 · outbound

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Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

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Observation 8557b2ce-b15f-4a97-9c45-6d9a3bd48881 · outbound

This paper cites Kouskiya, A.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Kouskiya, A

Reference 17

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Observation 20707b5d-b384-4b9b-b474-74fad228c35a · outbound

This paper cites Inviscid Burgers as a degenerate elliptic problem.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Inviscid Burgers as a degenerate elliptic problem

Reference 18

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This paper cites Brenier, Hidden convexity in some nonlinear PDEs from geomety and physics, Journal of Convex Analysis 17 (3&4) (2010) 945–959.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Brenier, Hidden convexity in some nonlinear PDEs from geomety and physics, Journal of Convex Analysis 17 (3&4) (2010) 945–959

Reference 19

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Observation 8b6e280f-012e-49c9-9458-e7325d4ef96d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

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Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

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Observation 22b5f5b8-cc8d-487c-b8de-62ea73da24af · outbound

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Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

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Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

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Observation c3696479-6471-48b8-9186-0302f7098caf · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

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Observation f4e35bed-afbf-4b39-be77-adb521f97838 · outbound

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Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

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Observation 8c0c1b8c-6537-427c-9f26-0d24692197d0 · outbound

This paper cites Raissi, P.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Raissi, P

Reference 26

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Observation 75492514-1cd1-4af0-ad8a-a6b3e50b5c33 · outbound

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Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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Observation b83a627b-b0e2-4221-a1a4-743370c150e1 · outbound

This paper cites Cuomo, V.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Cuomo, V

Reference 28

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Observation f2dc5dec-61c8-484f-a4df-c776202ff77b · outbound

This paper cites KAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants KAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks

Reference 29

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 9dd269b0-3a5c-41f9-b27a-091613c588e6 · outbound

This paper cites KAN-ODEs: Kolmogorov-Arnold Network Ordinary Differential Equations for Learning Dynamical Systems and Hidden Physics.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants KAN-ODEs: Kolmogorov-Arnold Network Ordinary Differential Equations for Learning Dynamical Systems and Hidden Physics

Reference 30

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Observation 90cd8d6d-373c-4b71-870a-c97f4410ae00 · outbound

This paper cites Deep Learning Alternatives of the Kolmogorov Superposition Theorem.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Deep Learning Alternatives of the Kolmogorov Superposition Theorem

Reference 31

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Observation 1348dad7-93f1-4440-8fe1-2eccdb173108 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

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This paper cites Sukumar, A.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Sukumar, A

Reference 33

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Observation ac232a32-e60c-4cc6-95fb-2f5cddae0da7 · outbound

This paper cites Expressivity and Approximation Properties of Deep Neural Networks with ReLU$^k$ Activation.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Expressivity and Approximation Properties of Deep Neural Networks with ReLU$^k$ Activation

Reference 34

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Observation c81405ec-f4bb-4928-84e8-e0061d767c00 · outbound

This paper cites Deep Neural Networks and Finite Elements of Any Order on Arbitrary Dimensions.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Deep Neural Networks and Finite Elements of Any Order on Arbitrary Dimensions

Reference 35

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:40:45.491431Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:40:45.491431Z digest=sha256:e166ab1ef1ce4968aaf66849b8f26d6015895c8398f8a4a6002a31b694ba6625

Observation 6953cc95-d74f-44cc-9bf1-f070a53803a3 · outbound

This paper cites de Boor, A Practical Guide to Splines, Applied Mathematical Sciences, Springer, New York, 2001.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants de Boor, A Practical Guide to Splines, Applied Mathematical Sciences, Springer, New York, 2001

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:40:46.015943Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:40:45.495612Z digest=sha256:a39fb2d374fa4aabf4d33b88165d875156c42e4cdf82799db717f375a0910749

Observation 91137395-0558-4158-8e4c-64162a2ddd47 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:40:46.000422Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:40:45.500779Z digest=sha256:1ad3596e0e4554e6c7c1aaf2d7a06505a4115c24d21f3dd1a165c6098ff1381b

Observation 4bd1b71d-3fda-4557-8766-e80ecd8484fa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:40:45.505113Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:40:45.505113Z digest=sha256:3e6d841e3153e73192b580639ae909f6d2666433b5cc612e10e4019187023fab

Observation 507d119e-e4a3-48be-8589-20c2998a336b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:40:45.975595Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:40:45.509589Z digest=sha256:bcf0c71b107412c4a25721d95fbeafb3247cd93f9af56ec7b39e62b6d363455f

Observation eed585d1-ab4d-4f2c-b8cd-1fe32fdf94dc · outbound

This paper cites Sukumar, Construction of polygonal interpolants: a maximum entropy approach, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engi- neering 61 (12) (2004) 2159–2181.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Sukumar, Construction of polygonal interpolants: a maximum entropy approach, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engi- neering 61 (12) (2004) 2159–2181

Reference 40

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:40:45.960658Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:40:45.513998Z digest=sha256:6e906f236dc22c5b9830904cecceece14b604b25e4c7e5418ee1339622125df3

Observation d7ca226e-5452-409e-b630-aa66290e17d2 · outbound

This paper cites Belytschko, Y.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Belytschko, Y

Reference 41

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:40:45.944666Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:40:45.518280Z digest=sha256:2be294d18bb9d00d8ec73b7cb7c9d70e1a797b8a639769666745530308a9f5a9

Observation fe5522d3-073d-4d4a-89c6-3424d636f0a5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:40:45.926688Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:40:45.522533Z digest=sha256:2eeca655d430dccb034a6277f7b944991cf75004ba9add73e4d25ec964b238b9

Observation 2df74a33-26f8-43a1-b70c-e02f92b0a208 · outbound

This paper cites Punzo, A.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Punzo, A

Reference 43

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:40:45.912772Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:40:45.526891Z digest=sha256:7e88a22fca9068c458dbd99bd17f76de5b155e03cc38bb07c30e6c416fa969ce

Observation bceae2bf-15fb-4bba-972a-2e04aa801cea · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:40:45.898315Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:40:45.531414Z digest=sha256:8d42fdd990349e0881bf783bf3a776061bcda158e0f7da600b067f0f7a112dbb

Observation 2dce470d-601d-4b6e-992a-f328acf1b020 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

Reference 45

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:40:45.883769Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:40:45.535816Z digest=sha256:234bd645dfe6b48b48a6dda48dd44286c2711c08a0b76bb7cf6dbbbb8b95648c

Observation c5a909eb-63f8-4556-a6c9-bbfe8394d388 · outbound

This paper cites Variational Dual Solutions of Chern-Simons Theory.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Variational Dual Solutions of Chern-Simons Theory

Reference 46

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T04:40:45.540173Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:40:45.540173Z digest=sha256:c4509cf441ea4a1fce828e8a3a5a5fcc6721e1ec8c246063477d103960130426

Observation 02bc82a5-6aa7-4dea-96d8-7e185d73dcbc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Variational formulation based on duality to solve partial differential equations: Use of B-splines and machine learning approximants Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T04:40:45.868384Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-12T04:40:45.544788Z digest=sha256:47c23ac4515e8d4cee76a3650b8222d077d80c58cccdadc8b1498a0d5950ae69

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.