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Formalism for Testing Theories of Gravity Using Lensing by Compact Objects. I: Static, Spherically Symmetric Case

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arxiv gr-qc/0511019 v1 pith:OLOS4P7L submitted 2005-11-04 gr-qc astro-ph

classification gr-qcastro-ph
keywords correctionstheoriesformalismgravitylensinglimitweak-deflectionobjects
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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We are developing a general, unified, and rigorous analytical framework for using gravitational lensing by compact objects to test different theories of gravity beyond the weak-deflection limit. In this paper we present the formalism for computing corrections to lensing observables for static, spherically symmetric gravity theories in which the corrections to the weak-deflection limit can be expanded as a Taylor series in one parameter, namely the gravitational radius of the lens object. We take care to derive coordinate-independent expressions and compute quantities that are directly observable. We compute first- and second-order corrections to the image positions, magnifications, and time delays. Interestingly, we find that the first-order corrections to the total magnification and centroid position vanish in all gravity theories that agree with general relativity in the weak-deflection limit, but they can remain nonzero in modified theories that disagree with GR in the weak-deflection limit. For the Reissner-Nordstrom metric and a related metric from heterotic string theory, our formalism reveals an intriguing connection between lensing observables and the condition for having a naked singularity, which could provide an observational method for testing the existence of such objects. We apply our formalism to the Galactic black hole and predict that the corrections to the image positions are at the level of 10 micro-arcseconds, while the correction to the time delay is a few hundredths of a second. These corrections would be measurable today if a pulsar were found to be lensed by the Galactic black hole; and they should be readily detectable with planned missions like MAXIM.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Light rings, gravitational lensing, and ISCOs of exotic compact objects in Einstein-scalar-Maxwell theories

    gr-qc 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A new family of shell-like, charged, horizonless compact objects is constructed in Einstein-scalar-Maxwell theory, with photon-ring, lensing, and ISCO predictions.

  2. Leading-order gravitational time delay of massive particles by a moving Schwarzschild lens

    gr-qc 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A unified 1PM formula gives the gravitational time delay of relativistic massive and massless particles by a radially moving Schwarzschild lens, matching known light and static limits.

  3. Gravitational Lensing in a Kasner Background: Distinguishing Wormholes and Black Holes

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    In a Kasner (anisotropic) universe, wormhole and black-hole lenses produce different directional splits of the Einstein-like scale, while the full critical curves remain nearly circular.

  4. Strong field gravitational lensing of particles by a black-bounce-Schwarzschild black hole

    gr-qc 2026-02 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

    For a black-bounce-Schwarzschild black hole, the paper derives the strong-deflection lensing observables for massive particles and quantifies how they differ from photon lensing.

  5. Quantum-Corrected Thermodynamics, Dirac Perturbations, Geodesic Structure, and Topological Phases of Black Holes with Non-Minimal Logarithmic Coupling

    gr-qc 2026-07 reject novelty 4.0 of 10

    For the ln(R)F² black hole, a single coupling B is claimed to shrink the shadow and ISCO, alter Dirac quasinormal ringing, suppress Hawking luminosity, and set the sign of an effective pressure on the topological defect line.

  6. Semi-Analytic Trajectory Analysis of Light in Generic Static Spacetimes

    gr-qc 2025-07 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    The authors present a generic weak-field lensing framework built from three known semi-analytic methods and apply it to a scalar hairy Reissner-Nordstrom black hole, recovering the standard deflection with q^2 = Q^2+Q_s^2.

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