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Complex Extension of Quantum Mechanics

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arxiv quant-ph/0208076 v2 pith:FXMOWLW7 submitted 2002-08-12 quant-ph hep-th

classification quant-phhep-th
keywords quantumsymmetryhamiltonianmechanicscomplexphysicalconstructhamiltonians
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It is shown that the standard formulation of quantum mechanics in terms of Hermitian Hamiltonians is overly restrictive. A consistent physical theory of quantum mechanics can be built on a complex Hamiltonian that is not Hermitian but satisfies the less restrictive and more physical condition of space-time reflection symmetry (PT symmetry). Thus, there are infinitely many new Hamiltonians that one can construct to explain experimental data. One might expect that a quantum theory based on a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian would violate unitarity. However, if PT symmetry is not spontaneously broken, it is possible to construct a previously unnoticed physical symmetry C of the Hamiltonian. Using C, an inner product is constructed whose associated norm is positive definite. This construction is completely general and works for any PT-symmetric Hamiltonian. Observables exhibit CPT symmetry, and the dynamics is governed by unitary time evolution. This work is not in conflict with conventional quantum mechanics but is rather a complex generalisation of it.

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Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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  3. The soliton nature of the super-Klein tunneling effect

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  4. CFT Dual for Timelike Geodesic in Lorentzian dS

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  5. Non-Hermitian Structure and Exceptional Points in Yang-Mills Theory from Analytic Continuation of Nc

    hep-th 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Analytic continuation of Nc in Yang-Mills theory produces non-Hermitian operator spectra with exceptional points, PT-phase transitions, and topological monodromy.

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    hep-th 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Path integrals on complex contours that terminate in prescribed Stokes sectors yield spectral formulas for resonant energies, explaining why the instanton bounce calculation and real-time decay rates agree.

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    A PT-defect-twisted inner product reproduces the de Sitter scalar two-point function, and PT symmetry is necessarily broken in CFT_2 with an imaginary central charge.

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