Pith Number

pith:4LFOCCPW

pith:2025:4LFOCCPWFRMIDM4IWEPTEIGMS5

not attested not anchored not stored refs pending

From Individual Experience to Collective Evidence: A Reporting-Based Framework for Identifying Systemic Harms

Benjamin Recht, Inioluwa Deborah Raji, Jessica Dai, Paula Gradu

arxiv:2502.08166 v2 · 2025-02-12 · cs.CY · cs.LG

Open paper page JSON Open Graph Bundle Merged state Verified badge What is a Pith Number?

Add to your LaTeX paper

\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{4LFOCCPWFRMIDM4IWEPTEIGMS5}

Prints a linked badge after your title and injects PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv. Learn more · Embed verified badge

Record completeness

1 Bitcoin timestamp

2 Internet Archive

3 Author claim open · sign in to claim

4 Citations open

5 Replications open

✓ Portable graph bundle live · download bundle · merged state

The bundle contains the canonical record plus signed events. A mirror can host it anywhere and recompute the same current state with the deterministic merge algorithm.

Receipt and verification

First computed	2026-07-05T11:12:11.084729Z
Builder	pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1
Signature	Pith Ed25519 (`pith-v1-2026-05`) · public key
Schema	pith-number/v1.0

Canonical hash

e2cae109f62c5881b388b11f3220cc976f94288ba5f98c48e489564749f7ced3

Aliases

arxiv: 2502.08166 · arxiv_version: 2502.08166v2 · doi: 10.48550/arxiv.2502.08166 · pith_short_12: 4LFOCCPWFRMI · pith_short_16: 4LFOCCPWFRMIDM4I · pith_short_8: 4LFOCCPW

Agent API

Resolver JSON Graph JSON Events JSON Schema Signing key

Verify this Pith Number yourself

curl -sH 'Accept: application/ld+json' https://pith.science/pith/4LFOCCPWFRMIDM4IWEPTEIGMS5 \
  | jq -c '.canonical_record' \
  | python3 -c "import sys,json,hashlib; b=json.dumps(json.loads(sys.stdin.read()), sort_keys=True, separators=(',',':'), ensure_ascii=False).encode(); print(hashlib.sha256(b).hexdigest())"
# expect: e2cae109f62c5881b388b11f3220cc976f94288ba5f98c48e489564749f7ced3

Canonical record JSON

{
  "metadata": {
    "abstract_canon_sha256": "f1723d1c398ebd08d48a63488cb395435e6b348a04ed7c325f68888460372f13",
    "cross_cats_sorted": [
      "cs.LG"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "primary_cat": "cs.CY",
    "submitted_at": "2025-02-12T07:11:33Z",
    "title_canon_sha256": "aa119698cf9da3edd02682293a745297da9e369b55b2a4dab7e1741c3eec27a2"
  },
  "schema_version": "1.0",
  "source": {
    "id": "2502.08166",
    "kind": "arxiv",
    "version": 2
  }
}