classicalHeatCapacity
plain-language theorem explainer
Classical heat capacity is defined directly as (f/2) times the SI Boltzmann constant, with f the number of quadratic degrees of freedom. Ideal-gas thermodynamic calculations in the classical regime cite this when converting mode counts into measurable C_V values. The implementation is a one-line algebraic scaling that pulls the exact k_B anchor from the external constants module.
Claim. For a system with $f$ quadratic modes the classical heat capacity at constant volume is $C_V = (f/2) k_B$, where $k_B = 1.380649 × 10^{-23}$ J/K is the Boltzmann constant.
background
The Thermodynamics.HeatCapacity module derives heat capacity from mode counting under the 8-tick structure. Classical equipartition assigns energy $kT/2$ to each quadratic mode, so the heat capacity per particle follows $C_V = (f/2) k_B$. The module states that each 8-tick mode contributes to heat capacity and that mode counting determines $C$ before quantum corrections appear.
proof idea
This is a one-line definition that multiplies the supplied mode count $f$ by one-half and scales the result by the anchored Boltzmann constant kB_SI.
why it matters
The definition supplies the classical baseline that later specializations (monatomicCv, diatomicCvRoom, etc.) instantiate by fixing $f$. It sits inside the THERMO-004 target of deriving heat capacity from 8-tick mode counting and aligns with the T7 eight-tick octave before phi-ladder quantum adjustments are applied.
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