Dark solitons on a spherical bubble BEC remain stable only below a critical nonlinear parameter and decay into vortex dipoles via a single unstable mode for each m ≥ 2, unlike full 3D cases that produce vortex rings.
For each angular modem, the threshold values [whereIm(ω m) = 0] ofεare given, withε m being the exact numerical results andεth m given by the analytical approxima- tion (16)
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Stability of dark solitons in a bubble Bose-Einstein condensate
Dark solitons on a spherical bubble BEC remain stable only below a critical nonlinear parameter and decay into vortex dipoles via a single unstable mode for each m ≥ 2, unlike full 3D cases that produce vortex rings.