Degenerate perturbation theory on a multiorbital Hubbard model shows isotropic superexchange arises mainly from ground-state Kramers doublet hopping while anisotropy comes from excited multiplets, yielding an orbital design rule for quasi-isotropic exchange in rare-earth insulators.
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Simulations of a square-lattice spin model with bilinear and biquadratic interactions reveal successive field-driven transitions to single-Q, double-Q, and multiple inequivalent quadruple-Q states with distinct phase locking, amplitude distributions, and scalar spin chirality.
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Design Principles for Quasi-Isotropic Exchange in Rare-Earth Quantum Magnets
Degenerate perturbation theory on a multiorbital Hubbard model shows isotropic superexchange arises mainly from ground-state Kramers doublet hopping while anisotropy comes from excited multiplets, yielding an orbital design rule for quasi-isotropic exchange in rare-earth insulators.
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Field-tunable quadruple-$Q$ states driven by momentum-space frustration
Simulations of a square-lattice spin model with bilinear and biquadratic interactions reveal successive field-driven transitions to single-Q, double-Q, and multiple inequivalent quadruple-Q states with distinct phase locking, amplitude distributions, and scalar spin chirality.