IllustrisTNG yields γ=2.23±0.20 for luminosity density evolution that explains the Tolman and distance-duality test signals in standard cosmology.
Cosmological Observational Tests in the JWST Era. II: The Tolman Test
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abstract
In this work, we investigate a classical cosmological test - the dependence of galaxy surface brightness on redshift z (the Tolman test). We analyzed 6 860 galaxies with reliably determined spectroscopic redshifts from the ASTRODEEP-JWST photometric catalogue. We find that (a) the mean surface brightness of galaxies indeed decreases with increasing distance, and (b) the observed trend shows a significant departure from the prediction of the standard cosmological model, which expects the mean surface brightness to decline as ~ (1 + z)^-4.
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Forward-modelling the Tolman and distance-duality tests with IllustrisTNG
IllustrisTNG yields γ=2.23±0.20 for luminosity density evolution that explains the Tolman and distance-duality test signals in standard cosmology.