For Na2Ti3Cl8, the high-temperature magnetic Hamiltonian has a spin-nematic (quadrupolar) ground state, and the breathing lattice distortion, driven by spin-lattice coupling, is required to stabilize the experimentally observed trimerized phase.
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Spin--lattice coupling and the emergence of the trimerized phase in the $S=1$ Kagome antiferromagnet Na$_2$Ti$_3$Cl$_8$
For Na2Ti3Cl8, the high-temperature magnetic Hamiltonian has a spin-nematic (quadrupolar) ground state, and the breathing lattice distortion, driven by spin-lattice coupling, is required to stabilize the experimentally observed trimerized phase.