Collective excitations analogous to phonons are derived in quantum gravity condensates within a group field theory model, yielding leading beyond-mean-field corrections to emergent Friedmann dynamics.
A rapidly expanding Bose-Einstein condensate: an expanding universe in the lab
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We study the dynamics of a supersonically expanding ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate both experimentally and theoretically. The expansion redshifts long-wavelength excitations, as in an expanding universe. After expansion, energy in the radial mode leads to the production of bulk topological excitations -- solitons and vortices -- driving the production of a large number of azimuthal phonons and, at late times, causing stochastic persistent currents. These complex nonlinear dynamics, fueled by the energy stored coherently in one mode, are reminiscent of a type of "preheating" that may have taken place at the end of inflation.
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River cross-sectional profiles satisfy the Friedmann equation for an Anti-de Sitter universe; the associated action extremizes friction and dissipation, and the extremum is a maximum by second variation analysis.
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Collective excitations in quantum gravity condensates
Collective excitations analogous to phonons are derived in quantum gravity condensates within a group field theory model, yielding leading beyond-mean-field corrections to emergent Friedmann dynamics.
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Laboratory rivers extremize friction and are cosmological analogues
River cross-sectional profiles satisfy the Friedmann equation for an Anti-de Sitter universe; the associated action extremizes friction and dissipation, and the extremum is a maximum by second variation analysis.