Numerical modeling of impact survival and atmospheric escape shows Mars ejecta smaller than 0.03 m rarely deliver viable microbes to Phobos orbit due to drag and heating.
From an orbital mechanics viewpoint, Mars ejecta need to have at least an initial ejection velocity higher than 3.8 km/s to reach the orbits of the Martian moons
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Assessment of the probability of microbial contamination for sample return from Martian moons I: Departure of microbes from Martian surface
Numerical modeling of impact survival and atmospheric escape shows Mars ejecta smaller than 0.03 m rarely deliver viable microbes to Phobos orbit due to drag and heating.