Polities can reach a stable equilibrium of nominal statehood where symbolic sovereignty and recognition strengthen even as real institutional capacity remains weak, driven by elite fragmentation, external transfers, and loose conditionality on recognition.
Thus the social gain from unification is YU−YF≈1.53, which corresponds to an increase of roughly45percent
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Statehood Without Capacity
Polities can reach a stable equilibrium of nominal statehood where symbolic sovereignty and recognition strengthen even as real institutional capacity remains weak, driven by elite fragmentation, external transfers, and loose conditionality on recognition.