Schwinger fermion production in axion inflation damps gauge fields, enabling observable primordial gravitational waves in LISA/ET bands while satisfying ΔN_eff limits and identifying a new damped-oscillation backreaction regime.
Fermionic Schwinger effect and induced current in de Sitter space
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abstract
We explore Schwinger effect of spin 1/2 charged particles with static electric field in 1+3 dimensional de Sitter spacetime. We analytically calculate the vacuum expectation value of the spinor current which is induced by the produced particles in the electric field. The renormalization is performed with the adiabatic subtraction scheme. We find that the current becomes negative, namely it flows in the direction opposite to the electric field, if the electric field is weaker than a certain threshold value depending on the fermion mass, which is also known to happen in the case of scalar charged particles in 1+3 de Sitter spacetime. Contrary to the scalar case, however, the IR hyperconductivity is absent in the spinor case.
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Constant electric fields in de Sitter require a tachyonic photon mass ~H, yielding finite positive Schwinger currents for massless fermions and scalars after on-shell renormalization.
Axion-like particles in the trapped misalignment mechanism produce observable gravitational waves while generating intergalactic magnetic fields that exceed blazar lower bounds in the parameter space promising for gravitational wave detection.
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Gravitational waves from axion inflation in the gradient expansion formalism. Part II. Fermionic axion inflation
Schwinger fermion production in axion inflation damps gauge fields, enabling observable primordial gravitational waves in LISA/ET bands while satisfying ΔN_eff limits and identifying a new damped-oscillation backreaction regime.
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Classical constant electric fields and the Schwinger effect in de Sitter
Constant electric fields in de Sitter require a tachyonic photon mass ~H, yielding finite positive Schwinger currents for massless fermions and scalars after on-shell renormalization.
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