Simulations show that 50 lensed Type Ia supernovae can recover a galaxy's stellar mass-to-light ratio to about 15 percent and the typical stellar mass to about 50 percent.
The Contribution of Faint, Failed and Defunct Stars to the "Stellar" Masses of Galaxies
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abstract
A substantial fraction the stellar mass attributed to galaxies is invisible: stars close to the hydrogen burning limit, brown dwarfs, white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes. These constituents do, however, gravitationally micro-lens background quasars, thereby permitting measurement of the total stellar contribution to the mass surface density along the line of sight. We report the results of such a measurement using a sample of ten quadruply lensed quasars. We discuss the prospects for improving upon this measurement with a larger sample and describe efforts to find new quadruple lenses. If we invert our argument and take the stellar mass to be known, we derive a value for the fraction of the dark halo in MaCHOs (including 20 solar mass primordial black holes) of somthing less than 10%, confirming the widely ignored result of Mediavilla et al (2009).
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Stars as cosmic scales: measuring stellar mass with microlensed supernovae
Simulations show that 50 lensed Type Ia supernovae can recover a galaxy's stellar mass-to-light ratio to about 15 percent and the typical stellar mass to about 50 percent.