Thermal plasma nonlinearities impose a stiff saturation level on toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes, driving frequency decrease via phase-space zonal structures until continuum merging occurs, with zonal fields enhancing saturation by a factor of two.
Upon mode saturation, the decrease of mode frequency and the sep- aration of m = 10 and m = 11 poloidal harmonics can be observed
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On nonlinear saturation of toroidal Alfv\'en eigenmode due to thermal plasma nonlinearities
Thermal plasma nonlinearities impose a stiff saturation level on toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes, driving frequency decrease via phase-space zonal structures until continuum merging occurs, with zonal fields enhancing saturation by a factor of two.